Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Semiconductors

Semiconductor devices such as diode, MOS and bipolar transistor

Information

This package contains semiconductor devices:

• diode
• MOS transistors
• bipolar transistors
• thyristor
• triac

Most of the semiconductor devices contain a conditional heat port, which is not active by default. If it is active the loss power is calculated to be used in a thermal net. The heating variants of the semiconductor devices are provided to use the thermal port temperature in the electric calculation. That means that for a true thermal electric interaction the heating device models have to be used.

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Package (Icon for standard packages).

Package Content

Name	Description
Diode	Simple diode
Diode2	Improved diode model
ZDiode	Zener diode with 3 working areas
PMOS	Simple MOS Transistor
NMOS	Simple MOS Transistor
NPN	Simple BJT according to Ebers-Moll
PNP	Simple BJT according to Ebers-Moll
HeatingDiode	Simple diode with heating port
HeatingNMOS	Simple MOS Transistor with heating port
HeatingPMOS	Simple PMOS Transistor with heating port
HeatingNPN	Simple NPN BJT according to Ebers-Moll with heating port
HeatingPNP	Simple PNP BJT according to Ebers-Moll with heating port
pow	Just a helper function for x^y in order that a symbolic engine can apply some transformations more easily
powlin	Power function (1 - x)^(-y) linearly continued for x > 0 (provided y = const.)
exlin	Exponential function linearly continued for x > Maxexp
exlin2	Exponential function linearly continued for x < MinExp and x > Maxexp
Thyristor	Simple Thyristor Model
SimpleTriac	Simple triac, based on Semiconductors.Thyristor model

Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Semiconductors.Diode

Simple diode

Information

The simple diode is a one port. It consists of the diode itself and an parallel ohmic resistance R. The diode formula is:

                v/vt
  i  =  ids ( e      - 1).

If the exponent v/vt reaches the limit maxex, the diode characteristic is linearly continued to avoid overflow.

Please note: In case of useHeatPort=true the temperature dependence of the electrical behavior is not modelled yet. The parameters are not temperature dependent.

Extends from Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Interfaces.OnePort (Component with two electrical pins p and n and current i from p to n), Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Interfaces.ConditionalHeatPort (Partial model to include a conditional HeatPort in order to describe the power loss via a thermal network).

Parameters

Connectors

Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Semiconductors.Diode2

Improved diode model

Information

This diode model is an improved version of the simple diode model. It includes a series resistance, parallel conductance, and also models reverse breakdown. The model is divided into three parts:

• lower half of reversed bias region including breakdown: -Ids·(exp(-(vd+Bv)/(N·Vt)) + 1 - 2·exp(-Bv/(2·N·Vt)))
• upper half of reverse biased region and forward biased region before conduction: Ids·(exp(vd/(N·Vt)) - 1)
• forward biased region after conduction: iVdMax + (vd - VdMax)·diVdMax

Temperature dependent behaviour is modelled when useHeatPort=true. In that case, the Vt parameter is ignored, and Vt is computed as k·T/q, where

• k is Boltzmann's constant
• T is the heat port temperature.
• q is the electron charge.

Extends from Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Interfaces.OnePort (Component with two electrical pins p and n and current i from p to n), Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Interfaces.ConditionalHeatPort (Partial model to include a conditional HeatPort in order to describe the power loss via a thermal network).

Parameters

Connectors

Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Semiconductors.ZDiode

Zener diode with 3 working areas

Information

The simple Zener diode is a one port. It consists of the diode itself and an parallel ohmic resistance R. The diode formula is:

                v/Vt                -(v+Bv)/(Nbv*Vt)
  i  =  Ids ( e      - 1) - Ibv ( e                  ).

If the exponent in one of the two branches reaches the limit Maxexp, the diode characteristic is linearly continued to avoid overflow.

The Zener diode model permits (in contrast to the simple diode model) current in reverse direction if the breakdown voltage Bv (also known Zener knee voltage) is exceeded.

The thermal power is calculated by i*v.

Please note: In case of useHeatPort=true the temperature dependence of the electrical behavior is not modelled yet. The parameters are not temperature dependent.

Extends from Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Interfaces.OnePort (Component with two electrical pins p and n and current i from p to n), Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Interfaces.ConditionalHeatPort (Partial model to include a conditional HeatPort in order to describe the power loss via a thermal network).

Parameters

Connectors

Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Semiconductors.PMOS

Simple MOS Transistor

Information

The PMOS model is a simple model of a p-channel metal-oxide semiconductor FET. It differs slightly from the device used in the SPICE simulator. For more details please care for H. Spiro.

The model does not consider capacitances. A high drain-source resistance RDS is included to avoid numerical difficulties.

Please note: In case of useHeatPort=true the temperature dependence of the electrical behavior is not modelled yet. The parameters are not temperature dependent.

References:

Spiro, H.: Simulation integrierter Schaltungen. R. Oldenbourg Verlag Muenchen Wien 1990.

Some typical parameter sets are:

  W       L      Beta        Vt    K2     K5      DW       DL
  m       m      A/V^2       V     -      -       m        m
  50.e-6  8.e-6  0.0085e-3  -0.15  0.41   0.839  -3.8e-6  -4.0e-6
  20.e-6  6.e-6  0.0105e-3  -1.0   0.41   0.839  -2.5e-6  -2.1e-6
  30.e-6  5.e-6  0.0059e-3  -0.3   0.98   1.01    0       -3.9e-6
  30.e-6  5.e-6  0.0152e-3  -0.69  0.104  1.1    -0.8e-6  -0.4e-6
  30.e-6  5.e-6  0.0163e-3  -0.69  0.104  1.1    -0.8e-6  -0.4e-6
  30.e-6  5.e-6  0.0182e-3  -0.69  0.086  1.06   -0.1e-6  -0.6e-6
  20.e-6  6.e-6  0.0074e-3  -1.    0.4    0.59    0        0

Extends from Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Interfaces.ConditionalHeatPort (Partial model to include a conditional HeatPort in order to describe the power loss via a thermal network).

Parameters

Connectors

Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Semiconductors.NMOS

Simple MOS Transistor

Information

The NMOS model is a simple model of a n-channel metal-oxide semiconductor FET. It differs slightly from the device used in the SPICE simulator. For more details please care for H. Spiro.

The model does not consider capacitances. A high drain-source resistance RDS is included to avoid numerical difficulties.

Please note: In case of useHeatPort=true the temperature dependence of the electrical behavior is not modelled yet. The parameters are not temperature dependent.

  W       L      Beta         Vt      K2     K5       DW       DL
  m       m      A/V^2        V       -      -        m        m
  12.e-6  4.e-6  0.062e-3    -4.5     0.24   0.61    -1.2e-6  -0.9e-6      depletion
  60.e-6  3.e-6  0.048e-3     0.1     0.08   0.68    -1.2e-6  -0.9e-6      enhancement
  12.e-6  4.e-6  0.0625e-3   -0.8     0.21   0.78    -1.2e-6  -0.9e-6      zero
  50.e-6  8.e-6  0.0299e-3    0.24    1.144  0.7311  -5.4e-6  -4.e-6
  20.e-6  6.e-6  0.041e-3     0.8     1.144  0.7311  -2.5e-6  -1.5e-6
  30.e-6  9.e-6  0.025e-3    -4.0     0.861  0.878   -3.4e-6  -1.74e-6
  30.e-6  5.e-6  0.031e-3     0.6     1.5    0.72     0       -3.9e-6
  50.e-6  6.e-6  0.0414e-3   -3.8     0.34   0.8     -1.6e-6  -2.e-6       depletion
  50.e-6  5.e-6  0.03e-3      0.37    0.23   0.86    -1.6e-6  -2.e-6       enhancement
  50.e-6  6.e-6  0.038e-3    -0.9     0.23   0.707   -1.6e-6  -2.e-6       zero
  20.e-6  4.e-6  0.06776e-3   0.5409  0.065  0.71    -0.8e-6  -0.2e-6
  20.e-6  4.e-6  0.06505e-3   0.6209  0.065  0.71    -0.8e-6  -0.2e-6
  20.e-6  4.e-6  0.05365e-3   0.6909  0.03   0.8     -0.3e-6  -0.2e-6
  20.e-6  4.e-6  0.05365e-3   0.4909  0.03   0.8     -0.3e-6  -0.2e-6
  12.e-6  4.e-6  0.023e-3    -4.5     0.29   0.6      0        0           depletion
  60.e-6  3.e-6  0.022e-3     0.1     0.11   0.65     0        0           enhancement
  12.e-6  4.e-6  0.038e-3    -0.8     0.33   0.6      0        0           zero
  20.e-6  6.e-6  0.022e-3     0.8     1      0.66     0        0

References:

Spiro, H.: Simulation integrierter Schaltungen. R. Oldenbourg Verlag Muenchen Wien 1990.

Extends from Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Interfaces.ConditionalHeatPort (Partial model to include a conditional HeatPort in order to describe the power loss via a thermal network).

Parameters

Connectors

Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Semiconductors.NPN

Simple BJT according to Ebers-Moll

Information

This model is a simple model of a bipolar NPN junction transistor according to Ebers-Moll.

Please note: In case of useHeatPort=true the temperature dependence of the electrical behavior is not modelled yet. The parameters are not temperature dependent.

A typical parameter set is:

  Bf  Br  Is     Vak  Tauf    Taur  Ccs   Cje     Cjc     Phie  Me   PHic   Mc     Gbc    Gbe    Vt
  -   -   A      V    s       s     F     F       F       V     -    V      -      mS     mS     V
  50  0.1 1e-16  0.02 0.12e-9 5e-9  1e-12 0.4e-12 0.5e-12 0.8   0.4  0.8    0.333  1e-15  1e-15  0.02585

References:

Vlach, J.; Singal, K.: Computer methods for circuit analysis and design. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York 1983 on page 317 ff.

Extends from Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Interfaces.ConditionalHeatPort (Partial model to include a conditional HeatPort in order to describe the power loss via a thermal network).

Parameters

Connectors

Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Semiconductors.PNP

Simple BJT according to Ebers-Moll

Information

This model is a simple model of a bipolar PNP junction transistor according to Ebers-Moll.

Please note: In case of useHeatPort=true the temperature dependency of the electrical behavior is not modelled yet. The parameters are not temperature dependent.

A typical parameter set is:

  Bf  Br  Is     Vak  Tauf    Taur  Ccs   Cje     Cjc     Phie  Me   PHic   Mc     Gbc    Gbe    Vt
  -   -   A      V    s       s     F     F       F       V     -    V      -      mS     mS     V
  50  0.1 1e-16  0.02 0.12e-9 5e-9  1e-12 0.4e-12 0.5e-12 0.8   0.4  0.8    0.333  1e-15  1e-15  0.02585

References:

Vlach, J.; Singal, K.: Computer methods for circuit analysis and design. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York 1983 on page 317 ff.

Extends from Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Interfaces.ConditionalHeatPort (Partial model to include a conditional HeatPort in order to describe the power loss via a thermal network).

Parameters

Connectors

Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Semiconductors.HeatingDiode

Simple diode with heating port

Information

The simple diode is an electrical one port, where a heat port is added, which is defined in the Modelica.Thermal library. It consists of the diode itself and an parallel ohmic resistance R. The diode formula is:

                v/vt_t
  i  =  ids ( e        - 1).

  vt_t = k*temp/q

If the exponent v/vt_t reaches the limit maxex, the diode characteristic is linearly continued to avoid overflow.
The thermal power is calculated by i*v.

Extends from Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Interfaces.OnePort (Component with two electrical pins p and n and current i from p to n), Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Interfaces.ConditionalHeatPort (Partial model to include a conditional HeatPort in order to describe the power loss via a thermal network).

Parameters

Connectors

Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Semiconductors.HeatingNMOS

Simple MOS Transistor with heating port

Information

The NMOS model is a simple model of a n-channel metal-oxide semiconductor FET. It differs slightly from the device used in the SPICE simulator. For more details please care for H. Spiro.
A heating port is added for thermal electric simulation. The heating port is defined in the Modelica.Thermal library.
The model does not consider capacitances. A high drain-source resistance RDS is included to avoid numerical difficulties.

  W       L      Beta         Vt      K2     K5       DW       DL
  m       m      A/V^2        V       -      -        m        m
  12.e-6  4.e-6  0.062e-3    -4.5     0.24   0.61    -1.2e-6  -0.9e-6      depletion
  60.e-6  3.e-6  0.048e-3     0.1     0.08   0.68    -1.2e-6  -0.9e-6      enhancement
  12.e-6  4.e-6  0.0625e-3   -0.8     0.21   0.78    -1.2e-6  -0.9e-6      zero
  50.e-6  8.e-6  0.0299e-3    0.24    1.144  0.7311  -5.4e-6  -4.e-6
  20.e-6  6.e-6  0.041e-3     0.8     1.144  0.7311  -2.5e-6  -1.5e-6
  30.e-6  9.e-6  0.025e-3    -4.0     0.861  0.878   -3.4e-6  -1.74e-6
  30.e-6  5.e-6  0.031e-3     0.6     1.5    0.72     0       -3.9e-6
  50.e-6  6.e-6  0.0414e-3   -3.8     0.34   0.8     -1.6e-6  -2.e-6       depletion
  50.e-6  5.e-6  0.03e-3      0.37    0.23   0.86    -1.6e-6  -2.e-6       enhancement
  50.e-6  6.e-6  0.038e-3    -0.9     0.23   0.707   -1.6e-6  -2.e-6       zero
  20.e-6  4.e-6  0.06776e-3   0.5409  0.065  0.71    -0.8e-6  -0.2e-6
  20.e-6  4.e-6  0.06505e-3   0.6209  0.065  0.71    -0.8e-6  -0.2e-6
  20.e-6  4.e-6  0.05365e-3   0.6909  0.03   0.8     -0.3e-6  -0.2e-6
  20.e-6  4.e-6  0.05365e-3   0.4909  0.03   0.8     -0.3e-6  -0.2e-6
  12.e-6  4.e-6  0.023e-3    -4.5     0.29   0.6      0        0           depletion
  60.e-6  3.e-6  0.022e-3     0.1     0.11   0.65     0        0           enhancement
  12.e-6  4.e-6  0.038e-3    -0.8     0.33   0.6      0        0           zero
  20.e-6  6.e-6  0.022e-3     0.8     1      0.66     0        0

References:

Spiro, H.: Simulation integrierter Schaltungen. R. Oldenbourg Verlag Muenchen Wien 1990.

Extends from Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Interfaces.ConditionalHeatPort (Partial model to include a conditional HeatPort in order to describe the power loss via a thermal network).

Parameters

Connectors

Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Semiconductors.HeatingPMOS

Simple PMOS Transistor with heating port

Information

The PMOS model is a simple model of a p-channel metal-oxide semiconductor FET. It differs slightly from the device used in the SPICE simulator. For more details please care for H. Spiro.
A heating port is added for thermal electric simulation. The heating port is defined in the Modelica.Thermal library.
The model does not consider capacitances. A high drain-source resistance RDS is included to avoid numerical difficulties.

References:

Spiro, H.: Simulation integrierter Schaltungen. R. Oldenbourg Verlag Muenchen Wien 1990.

Some typical parameter sets are:

  W       L      Beta        Vt    K2     K5      DW       DL
  m       m      A/V^2       V     -      -       m        m
  50.e-6  8.e-6  0.0085e-3  -0.15  0.41   0.839  -3.8e-6  -4.0e-6
  20.e-6  6.e-6  0.0105e-3  -1.0   0.41   0.839  -2.5e-6  -2.1e-6
  30.e-6  5.e-6  0.0059e-3  -0.3   0.98   1.01    0       -3.9e-6
  30.e-6  5.e-6  0.0152e-3  -0.69  0.104  1.1    -0.8e-6  -0.4e-6
  30.e-6  5.e-6  0.0163e-3  -0.69  0.104  1.1    -0.8e-6  -0.4e-6
  30.e-6  5.e-6  0.0182e-3  -0.69  0.086  1.06   -0.1e-6  -0.6e-6
  20.e-6  6.e-6  0.0074e-3  -1.    0.4    0.59    0        0

Extends from Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Interfaces.ConditionalHeatPort (Partial model to include a conditional HeatPort in order to describe the power loss via a thermal network).

Parameters

Connectors

Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Semiconductors.HeatingNPN

Simple NPN BJT according to Ebers-Moll with heating port

Information

This model is a simple model of a bipolar NPN junction transistor according to Ebers-Moll.
A heating port is added for thermal electric simulation. The heating port is defined in the Modelica.Thermal library.
A typical parameter set is (the parameter Vt is no longer used):

  Bf  Br  Is     Vak  Tauf    Taur  Ccs   Cje     Cjc     Phie  Me   PHic   Mc     Gbc    Gbe
  -   -   A      V    s       s     F     F       F       V     -    V      -      mS     mS
  50  0.1 1e-16  0.02 0.12e-9 5e-9  1e-12 0.4e-12 0.5e-12 0.8   0.4  0.8    0.333  1e-15  1e-15

References:

Vlach, J.; Singal, K.: Computer methods for circuit analysis and design. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York 1983 on page 317 ff.

Extends from Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Interfaces.ConditionalHeatPort (Partial model to include a conditional HeatPort in order to describe the power loss via a thermal network).

Parameters

Connectors

Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Semiconductors.HeatingPNP

Simple PNP BJT according to Ebers-Moll with heating port

Information

This model is a simple model of a bipolar PNP junction transistor according to Ebers-Moll.
A heating port is added for thermal electric simulation. The heating port is defined in the Modelica.Thermal library.
A typical parameter set is (the parameter Vt is no longer used):

  Bf  Br  Is     Vak  Tauf    Taur  Ccs   Cje     Cjc     Phie  Me   PHic   Mc     Gbc    Gbe
  -   -   A      V    s       s     F     F       F       V     -    V      -      mS     mS
  50  0.1 1e-16  0.02 0.12e-9 5e-9  1e-12 0.4e-12 0.5e-12 0.8   0.4  0.8    0.333  1e-15  1e-15

References:

Vlach, J.; Singal, K.: Computer methods for circuit analysis and design. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York 1983 on page 317 ff.

Extends from Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Interfaces.ConditionalHeatPort (Partial model to include a conditional HeatPort in order to describe the power loss via a thermal network).

Parameters

Connectors

Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Semiconductors.pow

Just a helper function for x^y in order that a symbolic engine can apply some transformations more easily

Information

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Function (Icon for functions).

Inputs

Outputs

Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Semiconductors.powlin

Power function (1 - x)^(-y) linearly continued for x > 0 (provided y = const.)

Information

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Function (Icon for functions).

Inputs

Outputs

Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Semiconductors.exlin

Exponential function linearly continued for x > Maxexp

Information

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Function (Icon for functions).

Inputs

Outputs

Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Semiconductors.exlin2

Exponential function linearly continued for x < MinExp and x > Maxexp

Information

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Function (Icon for functions).

Inputs

Outputs

Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Semiconductors.Thyristor

Simple Thyristor Model

Information

This is a simple thyristor model with three pins: Anode, Cathode and Gate. There are three operating modes:conducting, blocking and reverse breakthrough.
As long as the thyristor is in blocking mode it behaves like a linear resistance Roff=VDRM^2/(VTM*IH). But if the voltage between anode and cathode exceeds VDRM or a positive gate current flows for a sufficient time the mode changes to conducting mode. The model stays in conducting mode until the anode current falls below the holding current IH. There is no way to switch off the thyristor via the gate. If the voltage between anode and cathode is negative, the model represents a diode (parameters Vt, Nbv) with reverse breakthrough voltage VRRM.

The dV/dt switch on is not taken into account in this model. The gate circuit is not influenced by the main circuit.

Extends from Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Interfaces.ConditionalHeatPort (Partial model to include a conditional HeatPort in order to describe the power loss via a thermal network).

Parameters

Connectors

Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Semiconductors.SimpleTriac

Simple triac, based on Semiconductors.Thyristor model

Information

This is a simple TRIAC model based on the extended thyristor model Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Semiconductors.Thyristor.
Two thyristors are contrarily connected in parallel, whereas each transistor is connected with a diode.
Further information regarding the electrical component TRIAC can be detected in documentation of the ideal TRIAC model.
As an additional information: this model is based on the Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Semiconductors.Thyristor.

Attention: The model seems to be very sensitive with respect to the choice of some parameters (e.g., VDRM, VRRM). This is caused by the thyristor model. Further investigations are necessary.

Parameters

Connectors