Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Examples.SynchronousMachines

Test examples of synchronous machines

Information

This package contains test examples of synchronous machines.

Extends from Modelica.Icons.ExamplesPackage (Icon for packages containing runnable examples).

Package Content

Name	Description
SMR_DOL	Test example: SynchronousMachineReluctanceRotor direct-on-line
SMR_Inverter	Test example: SynchronousMachineReluctanceRotor with inverter
SMPM_NoLoad	SMPM at no-load
SMPM_Inverter	Test example: PermanentMagnetSynchronousMachine with inverter
SMPM_CurrentSource	Test example: PermanentMagnetSynchronousMachine fed by current source
SMPM_VoltageSource	Test example: PermanentMagnetSynchronousMachine fed by FOC
SMPM_Braking	Test example: PermanentMagnetSynchronousMachine acting as brake
SMPM_ResistiveBraking	PermanentMagnetSynchronousMachine braking with a resistor
SMEE_DOL	Test example: ElectricalExcitedSynchronousMachine starting direct on line
SMEE_Generator	Test example: ElectricalExcitedSynchronousMachine as Generator
SMEE_LoadDump	Test example: ElectricalExcitedSynchronousMachine with voltage controller
SMEE_Rectifier	Test example: ElectricalExcitedSynchronousMachine with rectifier

Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Examples.SynchronousMachines.SMR_DOL

Test example: SynchronousMachineReluctanceRotor direct-on-line

Information

Test example: Synchronous machine with reluctance rotor direct on line
A synchronous machine with reluctance rotor starts direct on line, utilizing the damper cage.
After reaching synchronous speed, at time tStep a load step is applied.
Simulate for 2.5 seconds and plot (versus time):

currentQuasiRMSSensor.I: stator current RMS
smr.wMechanical: motor's speed
smr.tauElectrical: motor's torque
rotorDisplacementAngle.rotorDisplacementAngle: rotor displacement angle

Default machine parameters of model SM_ReluctanceRotor are used.

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).

Parameters

Name	Description
VNominal	Nominal RMS voltage per phase [V]
fNominal	Nominal frequency [Hz]
f	Actual frequency [Hz]
tStart1	Switch-on time [s]
TLoad	Nominal load torque [N.m]
tStep	Time of load torque step [s]
JLoad	Load's moment of inertia [kg.m2]
smrData	Synchronous machine data

Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Examples.SynchronousMachines.SMR_Inverter

Test example: SynchronousMachineReluctanceRotor with inverter

Information

An ideal frequency inverter is modeled by using a VfController and a three-phase SignalVoltage. Frequency is raised by a ramp, causing the reluctance machine to start, and accelerating inertias. At time tStep a load step is applied.

Simulate for 1.5 seconds and plot (versus time):

currentQuasiRMSSensor.I: stator current RMS
smr.wMechanical: motor's speed
smr.tauElectrical: motor's torque
rotorDisplacementAngle.rotorDisplacementAngle: rotor displacement angle

Default machine parameters are used.

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).

Parameters

Name	Description
VNominal	Nominal RMS voltage per phase [V]
fNominal	Nominal frequency [Hz]
f	Actual frequency [Hz]
tRamp	Frequency ramp [s]
TLoad	Nominal load torque [N.m]
tStep	Time of load torque step [s]
JLoad	Load's moment of inertia [kg.m2]
smrData	Synchronous machine data

Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Examples.SynchronousMachines.SMPM_NoLoad

SMPM at no-load

Information

Synchronous machine with permanent magnets at no-load, driven with constant nominal speed.

You may check the terminal voltage = VsOpenCircuit (shown by the length of the space phasor) and the frequency = fsNominal.

Additionally, you may check the phase shift of the stator voltages with respect to the mechanical shaft angle:

If the shaft angle starts at (pi + 0*pi/3)/p, the flux linkage through phase 1 is at the maximum and therefore this phase voltage starts at 0.
If the shaft angle starts at (pi + 2*pi/3)/p, the flux linkage through phase 2 is at the maximum and therefore this phase voltage starts at 0.
If the shaft angle starts at (pi + 4*pi/3)/p, the flux linkage through phase 3 is at the maximum and therefore this phase voltage starts at 0.

Note that the angle of the voltage space phasor is pi/2 behind the angle of the hall sensor, i.e. after a rotation of the shaft by pi/2/p the flux linkage of phase 1 is zero and the induced voltage a maximum.

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).

Parameters

Name	Description
smpmData	Synchronous machine data

Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Examples.SynchronousMachines.SMPM_Inverter

Test example: PermanentMagnetSynchronousMachine with inverter

Information

An ideal frequency inverter is modeled by using a VfController and a three-phase SignalVoltage. Frequency is raised by a ramp, causing the permanent magnet synchronous machine to start, and accelerating inertias. At time tStep a load step is applied.

Simulate for 1.5 seconds and plot (versus time):

currentQuasiRMSSensor.I: stator current RMS
smpm.wMechanical: motor's speed
smpm.tauElectrical: motor's torque
rotorDisplacementAngle.rotorDisplacementAngle: rotor displacement angle

Default machine parameters are used.

In practice it is nearly impossible to drive a PMSMD without current controller.

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).

Parameters

Name	Description
VNominal	Nominal RMS voltage per phase [V]
fNominal	Nominal frequency [Hz]
f	Actual frequency [Hz]
tRamp	Frequency ramp [s]
TLoad	Nominal load torque [N.m]
tStep	Time of load torque step [s]
JLoad	Load's moment of inertia [kg.m2]
smpmData	Synchronous machine data

Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Examples.SynchronousMachines.SMPM_CurrentSource

Test example: PermanentMagnetSynchronousMachine fed by current source

Information

A synchronous machine with permanent magnets accelerates a quadratic speed dependent load from standstill. The rms values of d- and q-current in rotor fixed coordinate system are converted to three-phase currents, and fed to the machine. The result shows that the torque is influenced by the q-current, whereas the stator voltage is influenced by the d-current.

Default machine parameters are used.

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).

Parameters

Name	Description
Idq[2]	Desired d- and q-current [A]
wNominal	Nominal speed [rad/s]
TLoad	Nominal load torque [N.m]
JLoad	Load's moment of inertia [kg.m2]
smpmData	Synchronous machine data

Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Examples.SynchronousMachines.SMPM_VoltageSource

Test example: PermanentMagnetSynchronousMachine fed by FOC

Information

A synchronous machine with permanent magnets accelerates a quadratic speed dependent load from standstill. The rms values of d- and q-current in rotor fixed coordinate system are controlled by the dqCurrentController, and the output voltages fed to the machine. The result shows that the torque is influenced by the q-current, whereas the stator voltage is influenced by the d-current.

Default machine parameters are used.

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).

Parameters

Name	Description
Idq[2]	Desired d- and q-current [A]
wNominal	Nominal speed [rad/s]
TLoad	Nominal load torque [N.m]
JLoad	Load's moment of inertia [kg.m2]
smpmData	Synchronous machine data

Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Examples.SynchronousMachines.SMPM_Braking

Test example: PermanentMagnetSynchronousMachine acting as brake

Information

A synchronous machine with permanent magnets starts braking from nominal speed by feeding a diode bridge, which in turn feeds a braking resistor. Since induced voltage is reduced proportional to falling speed, the braking resistance is set proportional to speed to achieve constant current and torque.

Default machine parameters are used.

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).

Parameters

Name	Description
R	Nominal braking resistance [Ohm]
wNominal	Nominal speed [rad/s]
JLoad	Load's moment of inertia [kg.m2]
smpmData	Synchronous machine data

Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Examples.SynchronousMachines.SMPM_ResistiveBraking

PermanentMagnetSynchronousMachine braking with a resistor

Information

The voltages induced by the permanent magnets of the synchronous machine is shortened over the inductance and resistance of the stator winding and the (optional) external braking resistors. The currents driven by these voltages cause a braking torque.

The external braking resistor is implemented with three stages which get shortened at different points during braking. Note that the first (smallest) stage is not shortened, which ensures a minimum damping to avoid oscillations of angular velocity around zero. The total braking resistance (sum of all stages) has to be adapted to the angular velocity at which braking starts.

Plot tauElectrical and tauShaft versus wMechanical.

Default machine parameters are used.

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).

Parameters

Name	Description
JLoad	Load's moment of inertia [kg.m2]
w0	Initial speed [rad/s]
k[3]	Braking resistance stages w.r.t. Rs
idq_sr[2]	Initial stator current space phasor [A]
smpmData

Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Examples.SynchronousMachines.SMEE_DOL

Test example: ElectricalExcitedSynchronousMachine starting direct on line

Information

An electrically excited synchronous generator is started direct on line utilizing the damper cage (and the shorted excitation winding) at 0 seconds.

At t = 0.5 seconds, the excitation voltage is raised to achieve the no-load excitation current. Note, that reactive power of the stator goes to zero.

At t = 2 second, a driving torque step is applied to the shaft (i.e. the turbine is activated). Note, that active and reactive power of the stator changes. To drive at higher torque, i.e., produce more electric power, excitation has to be adapted.

Simulate for 3 seconds and plot:

smee.tauElectrical
smee.wMechanical
smee.ie
rotorDisplacementAngle.rotorDisplacementAngle
currentQuasiRMSSensor.I
electricalPowerSensor.P
electricalPowerSensor.Q
mechanicalMultiSensor.power

Default machine parameters are used.

Note

The mains switch is closed at time = 0 in order to avoid non physical noise calculated by the rotorDisplacementAngle. This noise is caused by the interaction of the high resistance of the switch and the machine, see #2388.

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).

Parameters

Name	Description
VNominal	Nominal RMS voltage per phase [V]
fNominal	Nominal frequency [Hz]
Ve	Excitation current [V]
gamma0	Initial rotor displacement angle [rad]
smeeData	Synchronous machine data

Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Examples.SynchronousMachines.SMEE_Generator

Test example: ElectricalExcitedSynchronousMachine as Generator

Information

An electrically excited synchronous generator is connected to the grid and driven with constant speed. Since speed is slightly smaller than synchronous speed corresponding to mains frequency, rotor angle is very slowly increased. This allows to see several characteristics dependent on rotor angle.

Simulate for 30 seconds and plot (versus rotorDisplacementAngle.rotorDisplacementAngle):

smee.tauElectrical
currentQuasiRMSSensor.I
electricalPowerSensor.P
electricalPowerSensor.Q
mechanicalPowerSensor.P

Default machine parameters are used.

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).

Parameters

Name	Description
VNominal	Nominal RMS voltage per phase [V]
fNominal	Nominal frequency [Hz]
wActual	Actual speed [rad/s]
Ie	Excitation current [A]
Ie0	Initial excitation current [A]
gamma0	Initial rotor displacement angle [rad]
smeeData	Synchronous machine data

Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Examples.SynchronousMachines.SMEE_LoadDump

Test example: ElectricalExcitedSynchronousMachine with voltage controller

Information

An electrically excited synchronous generator is started with a speed ramp, then driven with constant speed. Voltage is controlled, the set point depends on speed. After start-up the generator is loaded, the load is rejected.

Simulate for 10 seconds and plot:

voltageQuasiRMSSensor.V
smee.tauElectrical
smee.ie

Default machine parameters are used.

One could try to optimize the controller parameters.

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).

Parameters

Name	Description
wNominal	Nominal speed [rad/s]
ZNominal	Nominal load impedance [Ohm]
powerFactor	Load power factor
RLoad	Load resistance [Ohm]
LLoad	Load inductance [H]
Ve0	No load excitation voltage [V]
k	Voltage controller: gain
Ti	Voltage controller: integral time constant [s]
smeeData	Synchronous machine data

Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Examples.SynchronousMachines.SMEE_Rectifier

Test example: ElectricalExcitedSynchronousMachine with rectifier

Information

An electrically excited synchronous generator is driven with constant speed. Voltage is controlled, the set point depends on speed. The generator is loaded with a rectifier.

Default machine parameters are used.

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).

Parameters

Name	Description
wNominal	Nominal speed [rad/s]
VDC0	No-load DC voltage [V]
RLoad	Load resistance [Ohm]
Ve0	No load excitation voltage [V]
k	Voltage controller: gain
Ti	Voltage controller: integral time constant [s]
smeeData

Automatically generated Thu Oct 1 16:07:40 2020.