This information is part of the Modelica Standard Library maintained by the Modelica Association.

The goal is to implement the filter in the following form:

// complex conjugate poles:
der(x1) = a*x1 - b*x2 + ku*u;
der(x2) = b*x1 + a*x2;
     y  = k1*x1 + k2*x2 + u;

          ku = (a^2 + b^2)/b
          k1 = 2*a/ku
          k2 = (c0 + a^2 - b^2)/(b*ku)

This representation has the following transfer function:

// complex conjugate poles
    s*x2 =  a*x2 + b*x1
    s*x1 = -b*x2 + a*x1 + ku*u
  or
    (s-a)*x2               = b*x1  ->  x2 = b/(s-a)*x1
    (s + b^2/(s-a) - a)*x1 = ku*u  ->  (s(s-a) + b^2 - a*(s-a))*x1  = ku*(s-a)*u
                                   ->  (s^2 - 2*a*s + a^2 + b^2)*x1 = ku*(s-a)*u
  or
    x1 = ku*(s-a)/(s^2 - 2*a*s + a^2 + b^2)*u
    x2 = b/(s-a)*ku*(s-a)/(s^2 - 2*a*s + a^2 + b^2)*u
       = b*ku/(s^2 - 2*a*s + a^2 + b^2)*u
    y  = k1*x1 + k2*x2 + u
       = (k1*ku*(s-a) + k2*b*ku + s^2 - 2*a*s + a^2 + b^2) / (s^2 - 2*a*s + a^2 + b^2)*u
       = (s^2 + (k1*ku-2*a)*s + k2*b*ku - k1*ku*a + a^2 + b^2) / (s^2 - 2*a*s + a^2 + b^2)*u
       = (s^2 + c0 + a^2 - b^2 - 2*a^2 + a^2 + b^2) / (s^2 - 2*a*s + a^2 + b^2)*u
       = (s^2 + c0) / (s^2 - 2*a*s + a^2 + b^2)*u

  comparing coefficients with
    y = (s^2 + c0) / (s^2 + c1*s + c0)*u  ->  a = -c1/2
                                              b = sqrt(c0 - a^2)

  comparing with eigenvalue representation:
    (s - (a+jb))*(s - (a-jb)) = s^2 -2*a*s + a^2 + b^2
  shows that:
    a: real part of eigenvalue
    b: imaginary part of eigenvalue

(a, b, ku, k1, k2) = bandStop(cr_in, c0_in, c1_in, f_min, f_max)

cr_in	Type: Real[:] Description: Coefficients of real poles of base filter
c0_in	Type: Real[:] Description: Coefficients of s^0 term of base filter if conjugate complex pole
c1_in	Type: Real[size(c0_in, 1)] Description: Coefficients of s^1 term of base filter if conjugate complex pole
f_min	Type: Frequency (Hz) Description: Band of band stop filter is f_min (A=-3db) .. f_max (A=-3db)
f_max	Type: Frequency (Hz) Description: Upper band frequency

a	Type: Real[size(cr_in, 1) + 2 * size(c0_in, 1)] Description: Real parts of complex conjugate eigenvalues
b	Type: Real[size(cr_in, 1) + 2 * size(c0_in, 1)] Description: Imaginary parts of complex conjugate eigenvalues
ku	Type: Real[size(cr_in, 1) + 2 * size(c0_in, 1)] Description: Gains of input terms
k1	Type: Real[size(cr_in, 1) + 2 * size(c0_in, 1)] Description: Gains of y = k1*x1 + k2*x
k2	Type: Real[size(cr_in, 1) + 2 * size(c0_in, 1)] Description: Gains of y = k1*x1 + k2*x