Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources

Time-dependent and controlled voltage and current sources

Information

This package contains time-dependent and controlled voltage and current sources. Most of the sources use the behavior modeled in the Modelica.Blocks.Sources package. All sources are ideal in the sense that no internal resistances are included.

Extends from Modelica.Icons.SourcesPackage (Icon for packages containing sources).

Package Content

Name	Description
SignalVoltage	Generic voltage source using the input signal as source voltage
ConstantVoltage	Source for constant voltage
StepVoltage	Step voltage source
RampVoltage	Ramp voltage source
SineVoltage	Sine voltage source
CosineVoltage	Cosine voltage source
SineVoltageVariableFrequencyAndAmplitude	Sine voltage source with variable frequency and amplitude
CosineVoltageVariableFrequencyAndAmplitude	Cosine voltage source with variable frequency and amplitude
ExpSineVoltage	Exponentially damped sine voltage source
ExponentialsVoltage	Rising and falling exponential voltage source
PulseVoltage	Pulse voltage source
SawToothVoltage	Saw tooth voltage source
TrapezoidVoltage	Trapezoidal voltage source
LightningImpulseVoltage	Lightning impulse voltage
TableVoltage	Voltage source by linear interpolation in a table
SupplyVoltage	Supply voltage (positive and negative)
SignalCurrent	Generic current source using the input signal as source current
ConstantCurrent	Source for constant current
StepCurrent	Step current source
RampCurrent	Ramp current source
SineCurrent	Sine current source
CosineCurrent	Cosine current source
SineCurrentVariableFrequencyAndAmplitude	Sine current source with variable frequency and amplitude
CosineCurrentVariableFrequencyAndAmplitude	Cosine current source with variable frequency and amplitude
ExpSineCurrent	Exponentially damped sine current source
ExponentialsCurrent	Rising and falling exponential current source
PulseCurrent	Pulse current source
SawToothCurrent	Saw tooth current source
TrapezoidCurrent	Trapezoidal current source
LightningImpulseCurrent	Lightning impulse current
TableCurrent	Current source by linear interpolation in a table
LightningImpulse	Lightning impulse voltage or current trajectory
DCPowerSupply	Simple model of a DC power supply cv - cp - cc

Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.SignalVoltage

Generic voltage source using the input signal as source voltage

Information

The signal voltage source is a parameterless converter of real valued signals into a the source voltage. No further effects are modeled. The real valued signal has to be provided by components of the blocks library. It can be regarded as the "Opposite" of a voltage sensor.

Extends from Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Icons.VoltageSource (Icon for voltage sources).

Connectors

Name	Description
p
n
v	Voltage between pin p and n (= p.v - n.v) as input signal [V]

Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.ConstantVoltage

Source for constant voltage

Information

The ConstantVoltage source is a simple source for an ideal constant voltage which is provided by a parameter. There is no internal resistance modeled. If it is used instead of a battery model it is not very realistic: This battery will never be unloaded.

Extends from Interfaces.OnePort (Component with two electrical pins p and n and current i from p to n), Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Icons.VoltageSource (Icon for voltage sources).

Parameters

Name	Description
V	Value of constant voltage [V]

Connectors

Name	Description
p	Positive electrical pin
n	Negative electrical pin

Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.StepVoltage

Step voltage source

Information

This voltage source uses the corresponding signal source of the Modelica.Blocks.Sources package. Care for the meaning of the parameters in the Blocks package. Furthermore, an offset parameter is introduced, which is added to the value calculated by the blocks source. The startTime parameter allows to shift the blocks source behavior on the time axis.

Extends from Interfaces.VoltageSource (Interface for voltage sources).

Parameters

Name	Description
V	Height of step [V]
signalSource
offset	Voltage offset [V]
startTime	Time offset [s]

Connectors

Name	Description
p	Positive electrical pin
n	Negative electrical pin

Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.RampVoltage

Ramp voltage source

Information

Extends from Interfaces.VoltageSource (Interface for voltage sources).

Parameters

Name	Description
V	Height of ramp [V]
duration	Duration of ramp [s]
signalSource
offset	Voltage offset [V]
startTime	Time offset [s]

Connectors

Name	Description
p	Positive electrical pin
n	Negative electrical pin

Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.SineVoltage

Sine voltage source

Information

Extends from Interfaces.VoltageSource (Interface for voltage sources).

Parameters

Name	Description
V	Amplitude of sine wave [V]
phase	Phase of sine wave [rad]
f	Frequency of sine wave [Hz]
signalSource
offset	Voltage offset [V]
startTime	Time offset [s]

Connectors

Name	Description
p	Positive electrical pin
n	Negative electrical pin

Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.CosineVoltage

Cosine voltage source

Information

Extends from Interfaces.VoltageSource (Interface for voltage sources).

Parameters

Name	Description
V	Amplitude of cosine wave [V]
phase	Phase of cosine wave [rad]
f	Frequency of cosine wave [Hz]
signalSource
offset	Voltage offset [V]
startTime	Time offset [s]

Connectors

Name	Description
p	Positive electrical pin
n	Negative electrical pin

Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.SineVoltageVariableFrequencyAndAmplitude

Sine voltage source with variable frequency and amplitude

Information

This voltage source provides a sinusoidal voltage with variable frequency f and variable amplitude V, i.e. the phase angle of the sine wave is integrated from 2*π*f.

Note that the initial value of the phase angle phi defines the initial phase shift, and that the parameter startTime is omitted since the voltage can be kept equal to offset with setting the input V to zero.

Extends from Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Interfaces.OnePort (Component with two electrical pins p and n and current i from p to n), Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Icons.VoltageSource (Icon for voltage sources).

Parameters

Name	Description
useConstantAmplitude	Enable constant amplitude
constantAmplitude	Constant amplitude [V]
useConstantFrequency	Enable constant frequency
constantFrequency	Constant frequency [Hz]
offset	Offset of the sine wave [V]

Connectors

Name	Description
p	Positive electrical pin
n	Negative electrical pin
V	Amplitude [V]
f	Frequency [Hz]

Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.CosineVoltageVariableFrequencyAndAmplitude

Cosine voltage source with variable frequency and amplitude

Information

This voltage source provides a cosine voltage with variable frequency f and variable amplitude V, i.e. the phase angle of the sine wave is integrated from 2*π*f.

Parameters

Name	Description
useConstantAmplitude	Enable constant amplitude
constantAmplitude	Constant amplitude [V]
useConstantFrequency	Enable constant frequency
constantFrequency	Constant frequency [Hz]
offset	Offset of the sine wave [V]

Connectors

Name	Description
p	Positive electrical pin
n	Negative electrical pin
V	Amplitude [V]
f	Frequency [Hz]

Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.ExpSineVoltage

Exponentially damped sine voltage source

Information

Extends from Interfaces.VoltageSource (Interface for voltage sources).

Parameters

Name	Description
V	Amplitude of sine wave [V]
f	Frequency of sine wave [Hz]
phase	Phase of sine wave [rad]
damping	Damping coefficient of sine wave [s-1]
signalSource
offset	Voltage offset [V]
startTime	Time offset [s]

Connectors

Name	Description
p	Positive electrical pin
n	Negative electrical pin

Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.ExponentialsVoltage

Rising and falling exponential voltage source

Information

Extends from Interfaces.VoltageSource (Interface for voltage sources).

Parameters

Name	Description
vMax	Upper bound for rising edge
riseTime	Rise time [s]
riseTimeConst	Rise time constant [s]
fallTimeConst	Fall time constant [s]
signalSource
offset	Voltage offset [V]
startTime	Time offset [s]

Connectors

Name	Description
p	Positive electrical pin
n	Negative electrical pin

Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.PulseVoltage

Pulse voltage source

Information

Extends from Interfaces.VoltageSource (Interface for voltage sources).

Parameters

Name	Description
V	Amplitude of pulse [V]
width	Width of pulse in % of period
period	Time for one period [s]
signalSource
offset	Voltage offset [V]
startTime	Time offset [s]

Connectors

Name	Description
p	Positive electrical pin
n	Negative electrical pin

Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.SawToothVoltage

Saw tooth voltage source

Information

Extends from Interfaces.VoltageSource (Interface for voltage sources).

Parameters

Name	Description
V	Amplitude of saw tooth [V]
period	Time for one period [s]
signalSource
offset	Voltage offset [V]
startTime	Time offset [s]

Connectors

Name	Description
p	Positive electrical pin
n	Negative electrical pin

Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.TrapezoidVoltage

Trapezoidal voltage source

Information

Extends from Interfaces.VoltageSource (Interface for voltage sources).

Parameters

Name	Description
V	Amplitude of trapezoid [V]
rising	Rising duration of trapezoid [s]
width	Width duration of trapezoid [s]
falling	Falling duration of trapezoid [s]
period	Time for one period [s]
nperiod	Number of periods (< 0 means infinite number of periods)
signalSource
offset	Voltage offset [V]
startTime	Time offset [s]

Connectors

Name	Description
p	Positive electrical pin
n	Negative electrical pin

Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.LightningImpulseVoltage

Lightning impulse voltage

Information

Lightning impulse voltage using either a double exponential function or a Heidler function, see block LightningImpulse.

Extends from Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Interfaces.VoltageSource (Interface for voltage sources).

Parameters

Name	Description
approximation	Approximation of impulse
V	Amplitude [V]
T1	Rise time [s]
T2	Decay time to half value [s]
signalSource
offset	Voltage offset [V]
startTime	Time offset [s]
Advanced
m	Integer exponent of Heidler-function 5..10

Connectors

Name	Description
p	Positive electrical pin
n	Negative electrical pin

Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.TableVoltage

Voltage source by linear interpolation in a table

Information

This voltage source uses the corresponding signal source of the Modelica.Blocks.Sources package. Furthermore, an offset parameter is introduced, which is added to the value calculated by the blocks source. The startTime parameter allows to shift the blocks source behavior on the time axis.

This block generates a voltage source by linear interpolation in a table. The time points and voltage values are stored in a matrix table[i,j], where the first column table[:,1] contains the time points and the second column contains the voltage to be interpolated. The table interpolation has the following properties:

The time points need to be monotonically increasing.
Discontinuities are allowed, by providing the same time point twice in the table.
Values outside of the table range, are computed by extrapolation through the last or first two points of the table.
If the table has only one row, no interpolation is performed and the voltage value is just returned independently of the actual time instant, i.e., this is a constant voltage source.
Via parameters startTime and offset the curve defined by the table can be shifted both in time and in the voltage.
The table is implemented in a numerically sound way by generating time events at interval boundaries. This generates continuously differentiable values for the integrator.

Example:

   table = [0  0
            1  0
            1  1
            2  4
            3  9
            4 16]
If, e.g., time = 1.0, the voltage v =  0.0 (before event), 1.0 (after event)
    e.g., time = 1.5, the voltage v =  2.5,
    e.g., time = 2.0, the voltage v =  4.0,
    e.g., time = 5.0, the voltage v = 23.0 (i.e., extrapolation).

Furthermore, an offset parameter is introduced, which is added to the value calculated by the blocks source. The startTime parameter allows to shift the blocks source behavior on the time axis.

Extends from Interfaces.VoltageSource (Interface for voltage sources).

Parameters

Name	Description
table[:, :]	Table matrix (time = first column, voltage = second column)
signalSource
offset	Voltage offset [V]
startTime	Time offset [s]

Connectors

Name	Description
p	Positive electrical pin
n	Negative electrical pin

Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.SupplyVoltage

Supply voltage (positive and negative)

Information

This is a simple model of a constant supply voltage with positive and negative supply, the potential between positive and negative supply is accessible.

Parameters

Name	Description
Vps	Positive supply [V]
Vns	Negative supply [V]

Connectors

Name	Description
pin_p
pin_n
ground

Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.SignalCurrent

Generic current source using the input signal as source current

Information

The signal current source is a parameterless converter of real valued signals into a the source current. No further effects are modeled. The real valued signal has to be provided by components of the blocks library. It can be regarded as the "Opposite" of a current sensor.

Extends from Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Icons.CurrentSource (Icon for current sources).

Connectors

Name	Description
p
n
i	Current flowing from pin p to pin n as input signal [A]

Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.ConstantCurrent

Source for constant current

Information

The ConstantCurrent source is a simple source for an ideal constant current which is provided by a parameter. There is no internal resistance modeled. No further effects are modeled. Especially, the current flow will never end.

Extends from Interfaces.OnePort (Component with two electrical pins p and n and current i from p to n), Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Icons.CurrentSource (Icon for current sources).

Parameters

Name	Description
I	Value of constant current [A]

Connectors

Name	Description
p	Positive electrical pin
n	Negative electrical pin

Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.StepCurrent

Step current source

Information

This current source uses the corresponding signal source of the Modelica.Blocks.Sources package. Care for the meaning of the parameters in the Blocks package. Furthermore, an offset parameter is introduced, which is added to the value calculated by the blocks source. The startTime parameter allows to shift the blocks source behavior on the time axis.

Extends from Interfaces.CurrentSource (Interface for current sources).

Parameters

Name	Description
I	Height of step [A]
signalSource
offset	Current offset [A]
startTime	Time offset [s]

Connectors

Name	Description
p	Positive electrical pin
n	Negative electrical pin

Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.RampCurrent

Ramp current source

Information

Extends from Interfaces.CurrentSource (Interface for current sources).

Parameters

Name	Description
I	Height of ramp [A]
duration	Duration of ramp [s]
signalSource
offset	Current offset [A]
startTime	Time offset [s]

Connectors

Name	Description
p	Positive electrical pin
n	Negative electrical pin

Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.SineCurrent

Sine current source

Information

Extends from Interfaces.CurrentSource (Interface for current sources).

Parameters

Name	Description
I	Amplitude of sine wave [A]
phase	Phase of sine wave [rad]
f	Frequency of sine wave [Hz]
signalSource
offset	Current offset [A]
startTime	Time offset [s]

Connectors

Name	Description
p	Positive electrical pin
n	Negative electrical pin

Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.CosineCurrent

Cosine current source

Information

Extends from Interfaces.CurrentSource (Interface for current sources).

Parameters

Name	Description
I	Amplitude of cosine wave [A]
phase	Phase of cosine wave [rad]
f	Frequency of cosine wave [Hz]
signalSource
offset	Current offset [A]
startTime	Time offset [s]

Connectors

Name	Description
p	Positive electrical pin
n	Negative electrical pin

Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.SineCurrentVariableFrequencyAndAmplitude

Sine current source with variable frequency and amplitude

Information

This current source provides a sinusoidal current with variable frequency f and variable amplitude I, i.e. the phase angle of the sine wave is integrated from 2*π*f.

Note that the initial value of the phase angle phi defines the initial phase shift, and that the parameter startTime is omitted since the current can be kept equal to offset with setting the input I to zero.

Extends from Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Interfaces.OnePort (Component with two electrical pins p and n and current i from p to n), Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Icons.CurrentSource (Icon for current sources).

Parameters

Name	Description
useConstantAmplitude	Enable constant amplitude
constantAmplitude	Constant amplitude [A]
useConstantFrequency	Enable constant frequency
constantFrequency	Constant frequency [Hz]
offset	Offset of the sine wave [A]

Connectors

Name	Description
p	Positive electrical pin
n	Negative electrical pin
I	Amplitude [A]
f	Frequency [Hz]

Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.CosineCurrentVariableFrequencyAndAmplitude

Cosine current source with variable frequency and amplitude

Information

This current source provides a cosine current with variable frequency f and variable amplitude I, i.e. the phase angle of the sine wave is integrated from 2*π*f.

Parameters

Name	Description
useConstantAmplitude	Enable constant amplitude
constantAmplitude	Constant amplitude [A]
useConstantFrequency	Enable constant frequency
constantFrequency	Constant frequency [Hz]
offset	Offset of the sine wave [A]

Connectors

Name	Description
p	Positive electrical pin
n	Negative electrical pin
I	Amplitude [A]
f	Frequency [Hz]

Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.ExpSineCurrent

Exponentially damped sine current source

Information

Extends from Interfaces.CurrentSource (Interface for current sources).

Parameters

Name	Description
I	Amplitude of sine wave
f	Frequency of sine wave [Hz]
phase	Phase of sine wave [rad]
damping	Damping coefficient of sine wave [s-1]
signalSource
offset	Current offset [A]
startTime	Time offset [s]

Connectors

Name	Description
p	Positive electrical pin
n	Negative electrical pin

Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.ExponentialsCurrent

Rising and falling exponential current source

Information

Extends from Interfaces.CurrentSource (Interface for current sources).

Parameters

Name	Description
iMax	Upper bound for rising edge
riseTime	Rise time [s]
riseTimeConst	Rise time constant [s]
fallTimeConst	Fall time constant [s]
signalSource
offset	Current offset [A]
startTime	Time offset [s]

Connectors

Name	Description
p	Positive electrical pin
n	Negative electrical pin

Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.PulseCurrent

Pulse current source

Information

Extends from Interfaces.CurrentSource (Interface for current sources).

Parameters

Name	Description
I	Amplitude of pulse [A]
width	Width of pulse in % of period
period	Time for one period [s]
signalSource
offset	Current offset [A]
startTime	Time offset [s]

Connectors

Name	Description
p	Positive electrical pin
n	Negative electrical pin

Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.SawToothCurrent

Saw tooth current source

Information

Extends from Interfaces.CurrentSource (Interface for current sources).

Parameters

Name	Description
I	Amplitude of saw tooth [A]
period	Time for one period [s]
signalSource
offset	Current offset [A]
startTime	Time offset [s]

Connectors

Name	Description
p	Positive electrical pin
n	Negative electrical pin

Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.TrapezoidCurrent

Trapezoidal current source

Information

Extends from Interfaces.CurrentSource (Interface for current sources).

Parameters

Name	Description
I	Amplitude of trapezoid [A]
rising	Rising duration of trapezoid [s]
width	Width duration of trapezoid [s]
falling	Falling duration of trapezoid [s]
period	Time for one period [s]
nperiod	Number of periods (< 0 means infinite number of periods)
signalSource
offset	Current offset [A]
startTime	Time offset [s]

Connectors

Name	Description
p	Positive electrical pin
n	Negative electrical pin

Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.LightningImpulseCurrent

Lightning impulse current

Information

Lightning impulse current using either a double exponential function or a Heidler function, see block LightningImpulse.

Extends from Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Interfaces.CurrentSource (Interface for current sources).

Parameters

Name	Description
approximation	Approximation of impulse
I	Amplitude [A]
T1	Rise time [s]
T2	Decay time to half value [s]
signalSource
offset	Current offset [A]
startTime	Time offset [s]
Advanced
m	Integer exponent of Heidler-function 5..10

Connectors

Name	Description
p	Positive electrical pin
n	Negative electrical pin

Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.TableCurrent

Current source by linear interpolation in a table

Information

This current source uses the corresponding signal source of the Modelica.Blocks.Sources package. Furthermore, an offset parameter is introduced, which is added to the value calculated by the blocks source. The startTime parameter allows to shift the blocks source behavior on the time axis.

This block generates a current source by linear interpolation in a table. The time points and current values are stored in a matrix table[i,j], where the first column table[:,1] contains the time points and the second column contains the current to be interpolated. The table interpolation has the following properties:

The time points need to be monotonically increasing.
Discontinuities are allowed, by providing the same time point twice in the table.
Values outside of the table range, are computed by extrapolation through the last or first two points of the table.
If the table has only one row, no interpolation is performed and the current value is just returned independently of the actual time instant, i.e., this is a constant current source.
Via parameters startTime and offset the curve defined by the table can be shifted both in time and in the current.
The table is implemented in a numerically sound way by generating time events at interval boundaries. This generates continuously differentiable values for the integrator.

Example:

   table = [0  0
            1  0
            1  1
            2  4
            3  9
            4 16]
If, e.g., time = 1.0, the current i =  0.0 (before event), 1.0 (after event)
    e.g., time = 1.5, the current i =  2.5,
    e.g., time = 2.0, the current i =  4.0,
    e.g., time = 5.0, the current i = 23.0 (i.e., extrapolation).

Furthermore, an offset parameter is introduced, which is added to the value calculated by the blocks source. The startTime parameter allows to shift the blocks source behavior on the time axis.

Extends from Interfaces.CurrentSource (Interface for current sources).

Parameters

Name	Description
table[:, :]	Table matrix (time = first column, current = second column)
signalSource
offset	Current offset [A]
startTime	Time offset [s]

Connectors

Name	Description
p	Positive electrical pin
n	Negative electrical pin

Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.LightningImpulse

Lightning impulse voltage or current trajectory

Information

Simplified trajectory of an impulse (like the current of lightnings) as one of two choices:

double-exponential function y = amplitude/eta*(exp(-time/tau1) - exp(-time/tau2))
so-called Heidler function y = amplitude/eta*(time/tau1)^m/(1 + (time/tau1)^m)*exp(-time/tau2)

The parameters of the trajectory are defined by:

The amplitude of the trajectory
Rise time T1
Decay time to half value T2
For the Heidler function, integer exponent m = 5..10 is recommended.

Explanations

According to Fig. 1, a straight line between 0.1 and 0.9 of the amplitude is drawn. The virtual start of the trajectory is defined by the intersection of this straight line and the abscissa. The rise time T1 is defined as the time span between the virtual start of the trajectory and the point in time when the straight line reaches the amplitude. The decay time to half value T2 is defined as the time span between the virtual start and the point in time when the output falls below 0.5 of the amplitude.

Note: Due to numerical reasons, for the double-exponential function T1 < 0.2*T2 is required.

**Fig. 1:** Parameters of the lightning current

Note

For a standard trajectory with amplitude = 100 kA, T1 = 10 µs, T2 = 350 µs the integral of the output reaches the required charge Q = 50 C nearly perfect.

References

Fridolin Heidler and Klaus Stimper, Blitz und Blitzschutz. VDE 2009, ISBN 978-3-8007-2974-6.
Fridolin Heidler, Blitzstromparameter nach IEC 62305 - Hintergrund, Erfahrung und Ausblick. Elektronik & Automation (etz) (1) 2009, pp. 57-64.
DIN EN 62305-1 (VDE 0185-305-1):2011-10 Blitzschutz - Teil 1: Allgemeine Grundsätze.
Michael Rock, Prüfgeneratoren zur Simulation von Blitzimpulsströmen im Labor und ihre Wechselwirkung mit den Prüfobjekten. Habilitation, Universität Ilmenau 2012, ISBN 978-3-86360-032-7.

Extends from Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.SignalSource (Base class for continuous signal source).

Parameters

Name	Description
approximation	Approximation of impulse
amplitude	Amplitude
T1	Rise time [s]
T2	Decay time to half value [s]
offset	Offset of output signal y
startTime	Output y = offset for time < startTime [s]
Advanced
m	Integer exponent of Heidler-function 5..10

Connectors

Name	Description
y	Connector of Real output signal

Modelica.Electrical.Analog.Sources.DCPowerSupply

Simple model of a DC power supply cv - cp - cc

Information

This is a simple model of a DC power supply, as used in laboratories. It can only work in one quadrant, i.e., positive voltage, delivering current. It has three limitations:

ConstantVoltage: v = V0 - Rcv*(-i);
Constant Power: P0 = v*(-i);
ConstantCurrent: -i = I0 - Gcc*v;

Remember that current delivered by the power supply is negative.

Parameters

Name	Description
V0	No-load voltage [V]
I0	Short-circuit current [A]
P0	Maximum power [W]
Advanced
Rcv	Inner resistance in constant voltage region [Ohm]
Gcc	Inner conductance in constant current region [S]
iBack	Allowed back current [A]

Connectors

Name	Description
p
n

Automatically generated Tue Feb 24 16:59:10 2026.