Package Modelica.​Fluid.​Dissipation.​Utilities.​SharedDocumentation.​HeatTransfer.​General
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NameDescription
kc_approxForcedConvection 

Class Modelica.​Fluid.​Dissipation.​Utilities.​SharedDocumentation.​HeatTransfer.​General.​kc_approxForcedConvection
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Information

Approximate calculation of the mean convective heat transfer coefficient kc for forced convection with a fully developed fluid flow in a turbulent regime.

Functions kc_approxForcedConvection and kc_approxForcedConvection_KC

There are basically three differences:

Restriction

Calculation

The mean convective heat transfer coefficient kc is approximated through different Nusselt number Nu correlations out of [Bejan 2003, p. 424 ff].
Roughest approximation according to Dittus/Boelter (1930):

    Nu_1 = 0.023 * Re^(4/5) * Pr^(exp_Pr)

Middle approximation according to Sieder/Tate (1936) considering the temperature dependence of the fluid properties:

    Nu_2 = 0.023 * Re^(4/5) * Pr^(1/3) * (eta/eta_wall)^(0.14)

Finest approximation according to Gnielinski (1976):

    Nu_3 = 0.0214 * [Re^(0.8) - 100] * Pr^(0.4) for Pr ≤ 1.5
         = 0.012 * [Re^(0.87) - 280] * Pr^(0.4) for Pr > 1.5

The mean convective heat transfer coefficient kc is calculated by:

    kc =  Nu * lambda / d_hyd

with

eta as dynamic viscosity of fluid [Pa.s],
eta_wall as dynamic viscosity of fluid at wall temperature [Pa.s],
exp_Pr as exponent for Prandtl number w.r.t. Dittus/Boelter (0.4 for heating or 0.3 for cooling) [-],
kc as mean convective heat transfer coefficient [W/(m2.K)],
lambda as heat conductivity of fluid [W/(m.K)],
d_hyd as hydraulic diameter [m],
Nu_1/2/3 as mean Nusselt number [-],
Pr as Prandtl number [-],
Re as Reynolds number [-].

Verification

The mean Nusselt number Nu representing the mean convective heat transfer coefficient kc for Prandtl numbers of different fluids is shown in the figure below.

Dittus/Boelter (target = Modelica.Fluid.Dissipation.Utilities.Types.kc_general.Rough)

fig_kc_approxForcedConvection_T1

Sieder/Tate (Target = Modelica.Fluid.Dissipation.Utilities.Types.kc_general.Middle)

fig_kc_approxForcedConvection_T2

Gnielinski (Target = Modelica.Fluid.Dissipation.Utilities.Types.kc_general.Finest)

fig_kc_approxForcedConvection_T3

Note that all fluid properties shall be calculated with the mean temperature of the fluid between the entrance and the outlet of the generic device.

References

Bejan,A.:
Heat transfer handbook. Wiley, 2003.

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