Extends from Modelica.Media.Incompressible.TableBased (Incompressible medium properties based on tables).
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
AbsolutePressure | Type for absolute pressure with medium specific attributes |
BaseProperties | Base properties of T dependent medium |
Basic … | The most basic version of a record used in several degrees of detail |
beta | Alias for isobaricExpansionCoefficient for user convenience |
Choices … | |
CumulativeExtraProperty | Type for conserved integral of unspecified, mass specific property |
Density | Type for density with medium specific attributes |
density | Return density as a function of the thermodynamic state record |
density_derh_p | Return density derivative w.r.t. specific enthalpy at constant pressure |
density_derp_h | Return density derivative w.r.t. pressure at const specific enthalpy |
density_derp_T | Return density derivative w.r.t. pressure at const temperature |
density_derT_p | Return density derivative w.r.t. temperature at constant pressure |
density_derX | Return density derivative w.r.t. mass fraction |
density_phX | Return density from p, h, and X or Xi |
density_psX | Return density from p, s, and X or Xi |
density_pTX | Return density from p, T, and X or Xi |
density_T | Return density as function of temperature |
DerDensityByEnthalpy | Type for partial derivative of density with respect to enthalpy with medium specific attributes |
DerDensityByPressure | Type for partial derivative of density with respect to pressure with medium specific attributes |
DerDensityByTemperature | Type for partial derivative of density with respect to temperature with medium specific attributes |
DerEnthalpyByPressure | Type for partial derivative of enthalpy with respect to pressure with medium specific attributes |
DerTemperatureByPressure | Type for partial derivative of temperature with respect to pressure with medium specific attributes |
DipoleMoment | Type for dipole moment with medium specific attributes |
DynamicViscosity | Type for dynamic viscosity with medium specific attributes |
dynamicViscosity | Return dynamic viscosity as a function of the thermodynamic state record |
EnthalpyFlowRate | Type for enthalpy flow rate with medium specific attributes |
ExtraProperty | Type for unspecified, mass-specific property transported by flow |
ExtraPropertyFlowRate | Type for flow rate of unspecified, mass-specific property |
FixedPhase | Phase of the fluid: 1 for 1-phase, 2 for two-phase, 0 for not known, e.g., interactive use |
FluidConstants | Critical, triple, molecular and other standard data of fluid |
FluidLimits | Validity limits for fluid model |
h_pT | Compute specific enthalpy from pressure and temperature |
h_T | Compute specific enthalpy from temperature |
h_T_der | Compute specific enthalpy from temperature |
heatCapacity_cp | Alias for deprecated name |
heatCapacity_cv | Alias for deprecated name |
IdealGas … | The ideal gas version of a record used in several degrees of detail |
invertTemp | Function to invert temperatures |
isentropicEnthalpy | Return isentropic enthalpy |
IsentropicExponent | Type for isentropic exponent with medium specific attributes |
isentropicExponent | Return isentropic exponent |
IsobaricExpansionCoefficient | Type for isobaric expansion coefficient with medium specific attributes |
isobaricExpansionCoefficient | Return overall the isobaric expansion coefficient beta |
isothermalCompressibility | Return overall the isothermal compressibility factor |
kappa | Alias of isothermalCompressibility for user convenience |
MassFlowRate | Type for mass flow rate with medium specific attributes |
MassFraction | Type for mass fraction with medium specific attributes |
MolarMass | Type for molar mass with medium specific attributes |
molarMass | Return the molar mass of the medium |
MolarVolume | Type for molar volume with medium specific attributes |
MoleFraction | Type for mole fraction with medium specific attributes |
Polynomials_Temp … | Temporary Functions operating on polynomials (including polynomial fitting); only to be used in Modelica.Media.Incompressible.TableBased |
PrandtlNumber | Type for Prandtl number with medium specific attributes |
prandtlNumber | Return the Prandtl number |
pressure | Return pressure as a function of the thermodynamic state record |
s_T | Compute specific entropy |
SaturationProperties | Saturation properties of two phase medium |
setSmoothState | Return thermodynamic state so that it smoothly approximates: if x > 0 then state_a else state_b |
setState_dTX | Returns state record, given pressure and temperature |
setState_ph | Returns state record as function of p and h |
setState_phX | Returns state record, given pressure and specific enthalpy |
setState_ps | Returns state record as function of p and s |
setState_psX | Returns state record, given pressure and specific entropy |
setState_pT | Returns state record as function of p and T |
setState_pTX | Returns state record, given pressure and temperature |
SpecificEnergy | Type for specific energy with medium specific attributes |
SpecificEnthalpy | Type for specific enthalpy with medium specific attributes |
specificEnthalpy | Return specific enthalpy as a function of the thermodynamic state record |
specificEnthalpy_psX | Return specific enthalpy from p, s, and X or Xi |
specificEnthalpy_pTX | Return specific enthalpy from p, T, and X or Xi |
SpecificEntropy | Type for specific entropy with medium specific attributes |
specificEntropy | Return specific entropy as a function of the thermodynamic state record |
specificEntropy_pTX | Return specific enthalpy from p, T, and X or Xi |
specificGibbsEnergy | Return specific Gibbs energy |
SpecificHeatCapacity | Type for specific heat capacity with medium specific attributes |
specificHeatCapacityCp | Specific heat capacity at constant volume (or pressure) of medium |
specificHeatCapacityCv | Specific heat capacity at constant volume (or pressure) of medium |
specificHelmholtzEnergy | Return specific Helmholtz energy |
SpecificInternalEnergy | Type for specific internal energy with medium specific attributes |
specificInternalEnergy | Return specific internal energy as a function of the thermodynamic state record |
SurfaceTension | Type for surface tension with medium specific attributes |
T_ph | Compute temperature from pressure and specific enthalpy |
T_ps | Compute temperature from pressure and specific enthalpy |
Temperature | Type for temperature with medium specific attributes |
temperature | Return temperature as a function of the thermodynamic state record |
temperature_phX | Return temperature from p, h, and X or Xi |
temperature_psX | Return temperature from p,s, and X or Xi |
ThermalConductivity | Type for thermal conductivity with medium specific attributes |
thermalConductivity | Return thermal conductivity as a function of the thermodynamic state record |
ThermodynamicState | |
TwoPhase … | The two phase fluid version of a record used in several degrees of detail |
VelocityOfSound | Type for velocity of sound with medium specific attributes |
velocityOfSound | Return velocity of sound |
| Type | Name | Value | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
ExtraProperty | C_default[nC] | fill(0, nC) | Default value for trace substances of medium (for initialization) |
Real | C_nominal[nC] | 1e-6 * ones(nC) | Default for the nominal values for the extra properties |
Boolean | densityOfT | 1 < size(tableDensity, 1) | True if density is a function of temperature |
Boolean | enthalpyOfT | true | True if enthalpy is approximated as a function of T only, (p-dependence neglected) |
String | extraPropertiesNames[:] | fill("", 0) | Names of the additional (extra) transported properties. Set extraPropertiesNames=fill("",0) if unused |
final Boolean | fixedX | true | = true if medium contains the equation X = reference_X |
SpecificEnthalpy | h0 | 0 | Reference enthalpy at T0, reference_p |
SpecificEnthalpy | h_default | specificEnthalpy_pTX(p_default, T_default, X_default) | Default value for specific enthalpy of medium (for initialization) |
Boolean | hasDensity | not size(tableDensity, 1) == 0 | True if table tableDensity is present |
Boolean | hasHeatCapacity | not size(tableHeatCapacity, 1) == 0 | True if table tableHeatCapacity is present |
Boolean | hasVaporPressure | not size(tableVaporPressure, 1) == 0 | True if table tableVaporPressure is present |
Boolean | hasViscosity | not size(tableViscosity, 1) == 0 | True if table tableViscosity is present |
final Real | invTK[neta] | if 0 < size(tableViscosity, 1) then if TinK then 1 ./ tableViscosity[:,1] else 1 ./ Cv.from_degC(tableViscosity[:,1]) else fill(0, neta) | |
String | mediumName | "Glycol-Water 47%" | Name of the medium |
MolarMass | MM_const | 0.1 | Molar mass |
final Integer | nC | size(extraPropertiesNames, 1) | Number of extra (outside of standard mass-balance) transported properties |
Integer | neta | size(tableViscosity, 1) | Number of data points for viscosity |
Integer | npol | 2 | Degree of polynomial used for fitting |
Integer | npolConductivity | npol | Degree of polynomial used for fitting lambda(T) |
Integer | npolDensity | npol | Degree of polynomial used for fitting rho(T) |
Integer | npolHeatCapacity | npol | Degree of polynomial used for fitting Cp(T) |
Integer | npolVaporPressure | npol | Degree of polynomial used for fitting pVap(T) |
Integer | npolViscosity | npol | Degree of polynomial used for fitting eta(T) |
final Integer | nS | size(substanceNames, 1) | Number of substances |
Integer | nX | nS | Number of mass fractions |
Integer | nXi | if fixedX then 0 else if reducedX then nS - 1 else nS | Number of structurally independent mass fractions (see docu for details) |
AbsolutePressure | p_default | 101325 | Default value for pressure of medium (for initialization) |
final Real | poly_Cp[:] | if hasHeatCapacity then Poly.fitting(tableHeatCapacity[:,1], tableHeatCapacity[:,2], npolHeatCapacity) else zeros(npolHeatCapacity + 1) | |
final Real | poly_eta[:] | if hasViscosity then Poly.fitting(invTK, Math.log(tableViscosity[:,2]), npolViscosity) else zeros(npolViscosity + 1) | |
final Real | poly_lam[:] | if 0 < size(tableConductivity, 1) then Poly.fitting(tableConductivity[:,1], tableConductivity[:,2], npolConductivity) else zeros(npolConductivity + 1) | |
final Real | poly_pVap[:] | if hasVaporPressure then Poly.fitting(tableVaporPressure[:,1], tableVaporPressure[:,2], npolVaporPressure) else zeros(npolVaporPressure + 1) | |
final Real | poly_rho[:] | if hasDensity then Poly.fitting(tableDensity[:,1], tableDensity[:,2], npolDensity) else zeros(npolDensity + 1) | |
final Boolean | reducedX | true | = true if medium contains the equation sum(X) = 1.0; set reducedX=true if only one substance (see docu for details) |
AbsolutePressure | reference_p | 101300 | Reference pressure of Medium: default 1 atmosphere |
Temperature | reference_T | 298.15 | Reference temperature of Medium: default 25 deg Celsius |
MassFraction | reference_X[nX] | fill(nX ^ (-1), nX) | Default mass fractions of medium |
SpecificEntropy | s0 | 0 | Reference entropy at T0, reference_p |
Boolean | singleState | true | = true, if u and d are not a function of pressure |
String | substanceNames[:] | {mediumName} | Names of the mixture substances. Set substanceNames={mediumName} if only one substance. |
Temperature | T0 | 273.15 | Reference Temperature |
Temperature | T_default | Modelica.SIunits.Conversions.from_degC(20) | Default value for temperature of medium (for initialization) |
Temperature | T_max | Cv.from_degC(100) | Maximum temperature valid for medium model |
Temperature | T_min | Cv.from_degC(-30) | Minimum temperature valid for medium model |
Real | tableConductivity[:,2] | [-30,0.397; -20,0.396; -10,0.395; 0,0.395; 20,0.394; 40,0.393; 60,0.392; 80,0.391; 100,0.39] | Table for lambda(T) |
Real | tableDensity[:,2] | [-30,1066; -20,1062; -10,1058; 0,1054; 20,1044; 40,1030; 60,1015; 80,999; 100,984] | Table for rho(T) |
Real | tableHeatCapacity[:,2] | [-30,3450; -20,3490; -10,3520; 0,3560; 20,3620; 40,3690; 60,3760; 80,3820; 100,3890] | Table for Cp(T) |
Real | tableVaporPressure[:,2] | [0,500; 20,1900; 40,5300; 60,16000; 80,37000; 100,80000] | Table for pVap(T) |
Real | tableViscosity[:,2] | [-30,0.16; -20,0.0743; -10,0.0317; 0,0.019; 20,0.00626; 40,0.00299; 60,0.00162; 80,0.0011; 100,8.1e-4] | Table for eta(T) |
IndependentVariables | ThermoStates | if enthalpyOfT then Modelica.Media.Interfaces.Choices.IndependentVariables.T else Modelica.Media.Interfaces.Choices.IndependentVariables.pT | Enumeration type for independent variables |
Boolean | TinK | false | True if T[K],Kelvin used for table temperatures |
MassFraction | X_default[nX] | reference_X | Default value for mass fractions of medium (for initialization) |
Extends from Modelica.SIunits.AbsolutePressure.
| Name | Value |
|---|---|
quantity | "Pressure" |
unit | "Pa" |
displayUnit | "bar" |
min | 0 |
max | 1e+8 |
start | 100000 |
nominal | 100000 |
Extends from Modelica.SIunits.Density.
| Name | Value |
|---|---|
quantity | "Density" |
unit | "kg/m3" |
displayUnit | "g/cm3" |
min | 0 |
max | 100000 |
start | 1 |
nominal | 1 |
Extends from Modelica.SIunits.DynamicViscosity.
| Name | Value |
|---|---|
quantity | "DynamicViscosity" |
unit | "Pa.s" |
min | 0 |
max | 1e+8 |
start | 0.001 |
nominal | 0.001 |
Extends from Modelica.SIunits.EnthalpyFlowRate.
| Name | Value |
|---|---|
quantity | "EnthalpyFlowRate" |
unit | "W" |
min | -1e+8 |
max | 1e+8 |
start | 0. |
nominal | 1000 |
Extends from Real.
| Name | Value |
|---|---|
quantity | "MassFraction" |
unit | "kg/kg" |
min | 0 |
max | 1 |
start | 0. |
nominal | 0.1 |
Extends from Real.
| Name | Value |
|---|---|
quantity | "MoleFraction" |
unit | "mol/mol" |
min | 0 |
max | 1 |
start | 0. |
nominal | 0.1 |
Extends from Modelica.SIunits.MolarMass.
| Name | Value |
|---|---|
quantity | "MolarMass" |
unit | "kg/mol" |
min | 0.001 |
max | 0.25 |
start | 0. |
nominal | 0.032 |
Extends from Modelica.SIunits.MolarVolume.
| Name | Value |
|---|---|
quantity | "MolarVolume" |
unit | "m3/mol" |
min | 1e-6 |
max | 1000000 |
start | 0. |
nominal | 1 |
Extends from Modelica.SIunits.RatioOfSpecificHeatCapacities.
| Name | Value |
|---|---|
quantity | "RatioOfSpecificHeatCapacities" |
unit | "1" |
min | 1 |
max | 500000 |
start | 1.2 |
nominal | 1.2 |
Extends from Modelica.SIunits.SpecificEnergy.
| Name | Value |
|---|---|
quantity | "SpecificEnergy" |
unit | "J/kg" |
min | -1e+8 |
max | 1e+8 |
start | 0. |
nominal | 1000000 |
Extends from Modelica.Media.Incompressible.Examples.Glycol47.SpecificEnergy (Type for specific energy with medium specific attributes).
| Name | Value |
|---|---|
quantity | "SpecificEnergy" |
unit | "J/kg" |
min | -1e+8 |
max | 1e+8 |
start | 0. |
nominal | 1000000 |
Extends from Modelica.SIunits.SpecificEnthalpy.
| Name | Value |
|---|---|
quantity | "SpecificEnergy" |
unit | "J/kg" |
min | -1e+10 |
max | 1e+10 |
start | 0. |
nominal | 1000000 |
Extends from Modelica.SIunits.SpecificEntropy.
| Name | Value |
|---|---|
quantity | "SpecificEntropy" |
unit | "J/(kg.K)" |
min | -1e+7 |
max | 1e+7 |
start | 0. |
nominal | 1000 |
Extends from Modelica.SIunits.SpecificHeatCapacity.
| Name | Value |
|---|---|
quantity | "SpecificHeatCapacity" |
unit | "J/(kg.K)" |
min | 0 |
max | 1e+7 |
start | 1000 |
nominal | 1000 |
Extends from Modelica.SIunits.SurfaceTension.
| Name | Value |
|---|---|
quantity | "SurfaceTension" |
unit | "N/m" |
min | -Modelica.Constants.inf |
max | Modelica.Constants.inf |
start | 0. |
Extends from Modelica.SIunits.Temperature.
| Name | Value |
|---|---|
quantity | "ThermodynamicTemperature" |
unit | "K" |
displayUnit | "degC" |
min | T_min |
max | T_max |
start | 288.15 |
nominal | 300 |
Extends from Modelica.SIunits.ThermalConductivity.
| Name | Value |
|---|---|
quantity | "ThermalConductivity" |
unit | "W/(m.K)" |
min | 0 |
max | 500 |
start | 1 |
nominal | 1 |
Extends from Modelica.SIunits.PrandtlNumber.
| Name | Value |
|---|---|
quantity | "PrandtlNumber" |
unit | "1" |
min | 0.001 |
max | 100000 |
start | 0. |
nominal | 1 |
Extends from Modelica.SIunits.Velocity.
| Name | Value |
|---|---|
quantity | "Velocity" |
unit | "m/s" |
min | 0 |
max | 100000 |
start | 1000 |
nominal | 1000 |
Extends from Real.
| Name | Value |
|---|---|
min | 0 |
max | Modelica.Constants.inf |
start | 1 |
Extends from Real.
| Name | Value |
|---|---|
min | 0 |
max | Modelica.Constants.inf |
start | 1 |
Extends from Real.
| Name | Value |
|---|---|
unit | "kg/s" |
min | -Modelica.Constants.inf |
max | Modelica.Constants.inf |
start | 0. |
Extends from Real.
| Name | Value |
|---|---|
unit | "1/K" |
min | 0 |
max | 1e+8 |
start | 0. |
Extends from Real.
| Name | Value |
|---|---|
quantity | "ElectricDipoleMoment" |
unit | "debye" |
min | 0 |
max | 2 |
start | 0. |
Extends from Modelica.SIunits.DerDensityByPressure.
| Name | Value |
|---|---|
unit | "s2/m2" |
min | -Modelica.Constants.inf |
max | Modelica.Constants.inf |
start | 0. |
Extends from Modelica.SIunits.DerDensityByEnthalpy.
| Name | Value |
|---|---|
unit | "kg.s2/m5" |
min | -Modelica.Constants.inf |
max | Modelica.Constants.inf |
start | 0. |
Extends from Modelica.SIunits.DerEnthalpyByPressure.
| Name | Value |
|---|---|
unit | "J.m.s2/kg2" |
min | -Modelica.Constants.inf |
max | Modelica.Constants.inf |
start | 0. |
Extends from Modelica.SIunits.DerDensityByTemperature.
| Name | Value |
|---|---|
unit | "kg/(m3.K)" |
min | -Modelica.Constants.inf |
max | Modelica.Constants.inf |
start | 0. |
Extends from Real.
| Name | Value |
|---|---|
unit | "K/Pa" |
min | -Modelica.Constants.inf |
max | Modelica.Constants.inf |
start | 0. |
This icon is indicates a record.
Extends from Modelica.Icons.Record (Icon for records).
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
AbsolutePressure | psat | Saturation pressure |
Temperature | Tsat | Saturation temperature |
The minimum pressure mostly applies to the liquid state only. The minimum density is also arbitrary, but is reasonable for technical applications to limit iterations in non-linear systems. The limits in enthalpy and entropy are used as safeguards in inverse iterations.
Extends from Modelica.Icons.Record (Icon for records).
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
Temperature | TMIN | Minimum temperature |
Temperature | TMAX | Maximum temperature |
Density | DMIN | Minimum density |
Density | DMAX | Maximum density |
AbsolutePressure | PMIN | Minimum pressure |
AbsolutePressure | PMAX | Maximum pressure |
SpecificEnthalpy | HMIN | Minimum enthalpy |
SpecificEnthalpy | HMAX | Maximum enthalpy |
SpecificEntropy | SMIN | Minimum entropy |
SpecificEntropy | SMAX | Maximum entropy |
Extends from Integer.
| Name | Value |
|---|---|
min | 0 |
max | 2 |
start | 0 |
This icon is indicates a record.
Extends from Modelica.Media.Interfaces.Types.Basic.FluidConstants (Critical, triple, molecular and other standard data of fluid).
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
String | iupacName | Complete IUPAC name (or common name, if non-existent) |
String | casRegistryNumber | Chemical abstracts sequencing number (if it exists) |
String | chemicalFormula | Chemical formula, (brutto, nomenclature according to Hill |
String | structureFormula | Chemical structure formula |
MolarMass | molarMass | Molar mass |
This icon is indicates a record.
Extends from Modelica.Media.Incompressible.Common.BaseProps_Tpoly (Fluid state record).
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
Temperature | T | Temperature |
Pressure | p | Pressure |
Note that the inner energy neglects the pressure dependence, which is only true for an incompressible medium with d = constant. The neglected term is p-reference_p)/rho*(T/rho)*(partial rho /partial T). This is very small for liquids due to proportionality to 1/d^2, but can be problematic for gases that are modeled incompressible.
It should be noted that incompressible media only have 1 state per control volume (usually T), but have both T and p as inputs for fully correct properties. The error of using only T-dependent properties is small, therefore a Boolean flag enthalpyOfT exists. If it is true, the enumeration Choices.independentVariables is set to Choices.independentVariables.T otherwise it is set to Choices.independentVariables.pT.
Enthalpy is never a function of T only (h = h(T) + (p-reference_p)/d), but the error is also small and non-linear systems can be avoided. In particular, non-linear systems are small and local as opposed to large and over all volumes.
Entropy is calculated as
s = s0 + integral(Cp(T)/T,dt)
which is only exactly true for a fluid with constant density d=d0.
Extends from Modelica.Media.Interfaces.PartialMedium.BaseProperties (Base properties (p, d, T, h, u, R, MM and, if applicable, X and Xi) of a medium).
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
Boolean | preferredMediumStates | false | = true if StateSelect.prefer shall be used for the independent property variables of the medium |
final Boolean | standardOrderComponents | true | If true, and reducedX = true, the last element of X will be computed from the other ones |
Temperature | T_start | 298.15 | Initial temperature |
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
input InputAbsolutePressure | p | Absolute pressure of medium |
input InputMassFraction | Xi[nXi] | Structurally independent mass fractions |
input InputSpecificEnthalpy | h | Specific enthalpy of medium |
This icon indicates Modelica functions.
Extends from Modelica.Media.Interfaces.PartialMedium.setState_pTX (Return thermodynamic state as function of p, T and composition X or Xi).
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
AbsolutePressure | p | Pressure |
Temperature | T | Temperature |
MassFraction | X[:] | Mass fractions |
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
ThermodynamicState | state | Thermodynamic state record |
This icon indicates Modelica functions.
Extends from Modelica.Media.Interfaces.PartialMedium.setState_phX (Return thermodynamic state as function of p, h and composition X or Xi).
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
AbsolutePressure | p | Pressure |
SpecificEnthalpy | h | Specific enthalpy |
MassFraction | X[:] | Mass fractions |
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
ThermodynamicState | state | Thermodynamic state record |
This icon indicates Modelica functions.
Extends from Modelica.Media.Interfaces.PartialMedium.setState_psX (Return thermodynamic state as function of p, s and composition X or Xi).
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
AbsolutePressure | p | Pressure |
SpecificEntropy | s | Specific entropy |
MassFraction | X[:] | Mass fractions |
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
ThermodynamicState | state | Thermodynamic state record |
This icon indicates Modelica functions.
Extends from Modelica.Media.Interfaces.PartialMedium.setState_dTX (Return thermodynamic state as function of d, T and composition X or Xi).
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
Density | d | Density |
Temperature | T | Temperature |
MassFraction | X[:] | Mass fractions |
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
ThermodynamicState | state | Thermodynamic state record |
This function is used to approximate the equation
state = if x > 0 then state_a else state_b;
by a smooth characteristic, so that the expression is continuous and differentiable:
state := smooth(1, if x > x_small then state_a else
if x < -x_small then state_b else f(state_a, state_b));
This is performed by applying function Media.Common.smoothStep(..) on every element of the thermodynamic state record.
If mass fractions X[:] are approximated with this function then this can be performed for all nX mass fractions, instead of applying it for nX-1 mass fractions and computing the last one by the mass fraction constraint sum(X)=1. The reason is that the approximating function has the property that sum(state.X) = 1, provided sum(state_a.X) = sum(state_b.X) = 1. This can be shown by evaluating the approximating function in the abs(x) < x_small region (otherwise state.X is either state_a.X or state_b.X):
X[1] = smoothStep(x, X_a[1] , X_b[1] , x_small);
X[2] = smoothStep(x, X_a[2] , X_b[2] , x_small);
...
X[nX] = smoothStep(x, X_a[nX], X_b[nX], x_small);
or
X[1] = c*(X_a[1] - X_b[1]) + (X_a[1] + X_b[1])/2
X[2] = c*(X_a[2] - X_b[2]) + (X_a[2] + X_b[2])/2;
...
X[nX] = c*(X_a[nX] - X_b[nX]) + (X_a[nX] + X_b[nX])/2;
c = (x/x_small)*((x/x_small)^2 - 3)/4
Summing all mass fractions together results in
sum(X) = c*(sum(X_a) - sum(X_b)) + (sum(X_a) + sum(X_b))/2
= c*(1 - 1) + (1 + 1)/2
= 1
Extends from Modelica.Media.Interfaces.PartialMedium.setSmoothState (Return thermodynamic state so that it smoothly approximates: if x > 0 then state_a else state_b).
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
Real | x | m_flow or dp |
ThermodynamicState | state_a | Thermodynamic state if x > 0 |
ThermodynamicState | state_b | Thermodynamic state if x < 0 |
Real | x_small | Smooth transition in the region -x_small < x < x_small |
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
ThermodynamicState | state | Smooth thermodynamic state for all x (continuous and differentiable) |
This icon indicates Modelica functions.
Extends from Modelica.Media.Interfaces.PartialMedium.dynamicViscosity (Return dynamic viscosity).
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
ThermodynamicState | state | Thermodynamic state record |
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
DynamicViscosity | eta | Dynamic viscosity |
This icon indicates Modelica functions.
Extends from Modelica.Media.Interfaces.PartialMedium.thermalConductivity (Return thermal conductivity).
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
ThermodynamicState | state | Thermodynamic state record |
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
ThermalConductivity | lambda | Thermal conductivity |
This icon indicates Modelica functions.
Extends from Modelica.Icons.Function (Icon for functions).
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
ThermodynamicState | state | Thermodynamic state record |
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
PrandtlNumber | Pr | Prandtl number |
This icon indicates Modelica functions.
Extends from Modelica.Media.Interfaces.PartialMedium.pressure (Return pressure).
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
ThermodynamicState | state | Thermodynamic state record |
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
AbsolutePressure | p | Pressure |
This icon indicates Modelica functions.
Extends from Modelica.Media.Interfaces.PartialMedium.temperature (Return temperature).
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
ThermodynamicState | state | Thermodynamic state record |
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
Temperature | T | Temperature |
This icon indicates Modelica functions.
Extends from Modelica.Media.Interfaces.PartialMedium.density (Return density).
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
ThermodynamicState | state | Thermodynamic state record |
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
Density | d | Density |
This icon indicates Modelica functions.
Extends from Modelica.Media.Interfaces.PartialMedium.specificEnthalpy (Return specific enthalpy).
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
ThermodynamicState | state | Thermodynamic state record |
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
SpecificEnthalpy | h | Specific enthalpy |
This icon indicates Modelica functions.
Extends from Modelica.Media.Interfaces.PartialMedium.specificInternalEnergy (Return specific internal energy).
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
ThermodynamicState | state | Thermodynamic state record |
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
SpecificEnergy | u | Specific internal energy |
This icon indicates Modelica functions.
Extends from Modelica.Media.Interfaces.PartialMedium.specificEntropy (Return specific entropy).
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
ThermodynamicState | state | Thermodynamic state record |
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
SpecificEntropy | s | Specific entropy |
This icon indicates Modelica functions.
Extends from Modelica.Icons.Function (Icon for functions).
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
ThermodynamicState | state | Thermodynamic state record |
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
SpecificEnergy | g | Specific Gibbs energy |
This icon indicates Modelica functions.
Extends from Modelica.Icons.Function (Icon for functions).
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
ThermodynamicState | state | Thermodynamic state record |
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
SpecificEnergy | f | Specific Helmholtz energy |
This icon indicates Modelica functions.
Extends from Modelica.Media.Interfaces.PartialMedium.specificHeatCapacityCp (Return specific heat capacity at constant pressure).
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
ThermodynamicState | state | Thermodynamic state record |
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
SpecificHeatCapacity | cp | Specific heat capacity at constant pressure |
This icon indicates Modelica functions.
Extends from Modelica.Media.Incompressible.Examples.Glycol47.specificHeatCapacityCp (Specific heat capacity at constant volume (or pressure) of medium).
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
ThermodynamicState | state | Thermodynamic state record |
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
SpecificHeatCapacity | cp | Specific heat capacity at constant pressure |
This icon indicates Modelica functions.
Extends from Modelica.Media.Interfaces.PartialMedium.specificHeatCapacityCv (Return specific heat capacity at constant volume).
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
ThermodynamicState | state | Thermodynamic state record |
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
SpecificHeatCapacity | cv | Specific heat capacity at constant volume |
This icon indicates Modelica functions.
Extends from Modelica.Media.Incompressible.Examples.Glycol47.specificHeatCapacityCv (Specific heat capacity at constant volume (or pressure) of medium).
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
ThermodynamicState | state | Thermodynamic state record |
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
SpecificHeatCapacity | cv | Specific heat capacity at constant volume |
This icon indicates Modelica functions.
Extends from Modelica.Icons.Function (Icon for functions).
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
ThermodynamicState | state | Thermodynamic state record |
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
IsentropicExponent | gamma | Isentropic exponent |
This function computes an isentropic state transformation:
Extends from Modelica.Icons.Function (Icon for functions).
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
AbsolutePressure | p_downstream | Downstream pressure |
ThermodynamicState | refState | Reference state for entropy |
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
SpecificEnthalpy | h_is | Isentropic enthalpy |
This icon indicates Modelica functions.
Extends from Modelica.Icons.Function (Icon for functions).
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
ThermodynamicState | state | Thermodynamic state record |
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
VelocityOfSound | a | Velocity of sound |
beta is defined as 1/v * der(v,T), with v = 1/d, at constant pressure p.
Extends from Modelica.Icons.Function (Icon for functions).
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
ThermodynamicState | state | Thermodynamic state record |
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
IsobaricExpansionCoefficient | beta | Isobaric expansion coefficient |
beta is defined as 1/v * der(v,T), with v = 1/d, at constant pressure p.
Extends from Modelica.Media.Incompressible.Examples.Glycol47.isobaricExpansionCoefficient (Return overall the isobaric expansion coefficient beta).
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
ThermodynamicState | state | Thermodynamic state record |
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
IsobaricExpansionCoefficient | beta | Isobaric expansion coefficient |
kappa is defined as - 1/v * der(v,p), with v = 1/d at constant temperature T.
Extends from Modelica.Icons.Function (Icon for functions).
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
ThermodynamicState | state | Thermodynamic state record |
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
IsothermalCompressibility | kappa | Isothermal compressibility |
kappa is defined as - 1/v * der(v,p), with v = 1/d at constant temperature T.
Extends from Modelica.Media.Incompressible.Examples.Glycol47.isothermalCompressibility (Return overall the isothermal compressibility factor).
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
ThermodynamicState | state | Thermodynamic state record |
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
IsothermalCompressibility | kappa | Isothermal compressibility |
This icon indicates Modelica functions.
Extends from Modelica.Icons.Function (Icon for functions).
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
ThermodynamicState | state | Thermodynamic state record |
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
DerDensityByPressure | ddph | Density derivative w.r.t. pressure |
This icon indicates Modelica functions.
Extends from Modelica.Icons.Function (Icon for functions).
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
ThermodynamicState | state | Thermodynamic state record |
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
DerDensityByEnthalpy | ddhp | Density derivative w.r.t. specific enthalpy |
This icon indicates Modelica functions.
Extends from Modelica.Icons.Function (Icon for functions).
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
ThermodynamicState | state | Thermodynamic state record |
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
DerDensityByPressure | ddpT | Density derivative w.r.t. pressure |
This icon indicates Modelica functions.
Extends from Modelica.Icons.Function (Icon for functions).
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
ThermodynamicState | state | Thermodynamic state record |
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
DerDensityByTemperature | ddTp | Density derivative w.r.t. temperature |
This icon indicates Modelica functions.
Extends from Modelica.Icons.Function (Icon for functions).
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
ThermodynamicState | state | Thermodynamic state record |
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
Density | dddX[nX] | Derivative of density w.r.t. mass fraction |
This icon indicates Modelica functions.
Extends from Modelica.Icons.Function (Icon for functions).
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
ThermodynamicState | state | Thermodynamic state record |
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
MolarMass | MM | Mixture molar mass |
This icon indicates Modelica functions.
Extends from Modelica.Icons.Function (Icon for functions).
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
AbsolutePressure | p | Pressure |
Temperature | T | Temperature |
MassFraction | X[:] | Mass fractions |
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
SpecificEnthalpy | h | Specific enthalpy |
This icon indicates Modelica functions.
Extends from Modelica.Icons.Function (Icon for functions).
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
AbsolutePressure | p | Pressure |
Temperature | T | Temperature |
MassFraction | X[:] | Mass fractions |
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
SpecificEntropy | s | Specific entropy |
This icon indicates Modelica functions.
Extends from Modelica.Icons.Function (Icon for functions).
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
AbsolutePressure | p | Pressure |
Temperature | T | Temperature |
MassFraction | X[:] | Mass fractions |
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
Density | d | Density |
This icon indicates Modelica functions.
Extends from Modelica.Icons.Function (Icon for functions).
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
AbsolutePressure | p | Pressure |
SpecificEnthalpy | h | Specific enthalpy |
MassFraction | X[:] | Mass fractions |
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
Temperature | T | Temperature |
This icon indicates Modelica functions.
Extends from Modelica.Icons.Function (Icon for functions).
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
AbsolutePressure | p | Pressure |
SpecificEnthalpy | h | Specific enthalpy |
MassFraction | X[:] | Mass fractions |
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
Density | d | Density |
This icon indicates Modelica functions.
Extends from Modelica.Icons.Function (Icon for functions).
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
AbsolutePressure | p | Pressure |
SpecificEntropy | s | Specific entropy |
MassFraction | X[:] | Mass fractions |
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
Temperature | T | Temperature |
This icon indicates Modelica functions.
Extends from Modelica.Icons.Function (Icon for functions).
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
AbsolutePressure | p | Pressure |
SpecificEntropy | s | Specific entropy |
MassFraction | X[:] | Mass fractions |
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
Density | d | Density |
This icon indicates Modelica functions.
Extends from Modelica.Icons.Function (Icon for functions).
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
AbsolutePressure | p | Pressure |
SpecificEntropy | s | Specific entropy |
MassFraction | X[:] | Mass fractions |
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
SpecificEnthalpy | h | Specific enthalpy |
Extends from Modelica.SIunits.MassFlowRate.
| Name | Value |
|---|---|
quantity | "MassFlowRate." + mediumName |
unit | "kg/s" |
min | -100000 |
max | 100000 |
start | 0. |
This icon indicates Modelica functions.
Extends from Modelica.Icons.Function (Icon for functions).
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
Real | table[:] | Table temperature data |
Boolean | Tink | Flag for Celsius or Kelvin |
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
Real | invTable[size(table, 1)] | Inverted temperatures |
This icon indicates Modelica functions.
Extends from Modelica.Icons.Function (Icon for functions).
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
AbsolutePressure | p | Pressure |
Temperature | T | Temperature |
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
ThermodynamicState | state | Thermodynamic state |
This icon indicates Modelica functions.
Extends from Modelica.Icons.Function (Icon for functions).
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
AbsolutePressure | p | Pressure |
SpecificEnthalpy | h | Specific enthalpy |
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
ThermodynamicState | state | Thermodynamic state |
This icon indicates Modelica functions.
Extends from Modelica.Icons.Function (Icon for functions).
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
AbsolutePressure | p | Pressure |
SpecificEntropy | s | Specific entropy |
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
ThermodynamicState | state | Thermodynamic state |
This icon indicates Modelica functions.
Extends from Modelica.Icons.Function (Icon for functions).
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
Temperature | T | Temperature |
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
SpecificEntropy | s | Specific entropy |
This icon indicates Modelica functions.
Extends from Modelica.Icons.Function (Icon for functions).
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
Temperature | T | Temperature |
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
SpecificEnthalpy | h | Specific enthalpy at p, T |
This icon indicates Modelica functions.
Extends from Modelica.Icons.Function (Icon for functions).
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
Temperature | T | Temperature |
Real | dT | Temperature derivative |
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
Real | dh | Derivative of Specific enthalpy at T |
This icon indicates Modelica functions.
Extends from Modelica.Icons.Function (Icon for functions).
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
Pressure | p | Pressure |
Temperature | T | Temperature |
Boolean | densityOfT | Include or neglect density derivative dependence of enthalpy |
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
SpecificEnthalpy | h | Specific enthalpy at p, T |
This icon indicates Modelica functions.
Extends from Modelica.Icons.Function (Icon for functions).
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
Temperature | T | Temperature |
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
Density | d | Density |
This icon indicates Modelica functions.
Extends from Modelica.Icons.Function (Icon for functions).
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
AbsolutePressure | p | Pressure |
SpecificEnthalpy | h | Specific enthalpy |
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
Temperature | T | Temperature |
This icon indicates Modelica functions.
Extends from Modelica.Icons.Function (Icon for functions).
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
AbsolutePressure | p | Pressure |
SpecificEntropy | s | Specific entropy |
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
Temperature | T | Temperature |
Generated 2018-12-12 12:14:17 EST by MapleSim.