Modelica.Magnetic.FundamentalWave.Examples.BasicMachines.SynchronousMachines

Synchronous machines examples

Information

Extends from Modelica.Icons.ExamplesPackage (Icon for packages containing runnable examples).

Package Content

Name	Description
ComparisonPolyphase	Compare polyphase machines with three-phase machines
SMPM_Inverter	Starting of permanent magnet synchronous machine with inverter
SMPM_CurrentSource	Test example: PermanentMagnetSynchronousMachine fed by current source
SMPM_VoltageSource	Test example: PermanentMagnetSynchronousMachine fed by FOC
SMPM_Braking	Test example: PermanentMagnetSynchronousMachine acting as brake
SMEE_DOL	ElectricalExcitedSynchronousMachine starting direct on line
SMEE_Generator	Electrical excited synchronous machine operating as generator
SMEE_LoadDump	Test example: ElectricalExcitedSynchronousMachine with voltage controller
SMEE_Rectifier	Test example: ElectricalExcitedSynchronousMachine with rectifier
SMR_Inverter	Starting of synchronous reluctance machine with inverter

Modelica.Magnetic.FundamentalWave.Examples.BasicMachines.SynchronousMachines.SMPM_Inverter

Starting of permanent magnet synchronous machine with inverter

Information

Permanent magnet synchronous machine fed by an ideal inverter

An ideal frequency inverter is modeled by using a VfController and a three-phase SignalVoltage. Frequency is raised by a ramp, causing the permanent magnet synchronous machine to start, and accelerate the inertias.

At time tStep a load step is applied. Simulate for 1.5 seconds and plot (versus time):

currentRMSsensorM|E.I: equivalent RMS stator current
smpmM|E.wMechanical: machine speed
smpmM|E.tauElectrical: machine torque
rotorAnglepmsmM|E.rotorDisplacementAngle: rotor displacement angle

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).

Parameters

Name	Description
VsNominal	Nominal RMS voltage per phase [V]
fsNominal	Nominal frequency [Hz]
fKnee	Knee frequency of V/f curve [Hz]
tRamp	Frequency ramp [s]
T_Load	Nominal load torque [N.m]
tStep	Time of load torque step [s]
J_Load	Load inertia [kg.m2]
smpmData	Synchronous machine data

Modelica.Magnetic.FundamentalWave.Examples.BasicMachines.SynchronousMachines.SMPM_CurrentSource

Test example: PermanentMagnetSynchronousMachine fed by current source

Information

A synchronous machine with permanent magnets accelerates a quadratic speed dependent load from standstill. The rms values of d- and q-current in rotor fixed coordinate system are converted to three-phase currents, and fed to the machine. The result shows that the torque is influenced by the q-current, whereas the stator voltage is influenced by the d-current.

Default machine parameters are used.

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).

Parameters

Name	Description
Idq[2]	Desired d- and q-current [A]
wNominal	Nominal speed [rad/s]
TLoad	Nominal load torque [N.m]
JLoad	Load's moment of inertia [kg.m2]
smpmData	Synchronous machine data

Modelica.Magnetic.FundamentalWave.Examples.BasicMachines.SynchronousMachines.SMPM_VoltageSource

Test example: PermanentMagnetSynchronousMachine fed by FOC

Information

A synchronous machine with permanent magnets accelerates a quadratic speed dependent load from standstill. The rms values of d- and q-current in rotor fixed coordinate system are controlled by the voltageController, and the output voltages fed to the machine. The result shows that the torque is influenced by the q-current, whereas the stator voltage is influenced by the d-current.

Default machine parameters are used

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).

Parameters

Name	Description
Idq[2]	Desired d- and q-current [A]
wNominal	Nominal speed [rad/s]
TLoad	Nominal load torque [N.m]
JLoad	Load's moment of inertia [kg.m2]
smpmData	Synchronous machine data

Modelica.Magnetic.FundamentalWave.Examples.BasicMachines.SynchronousMachines.SMPM_Braking

Test example: PermanentMagnetSynchronousMachine acting as brake

Information

A synchronous machine with permanent magnets starts braking from nominal speed by feeding a diode bridge, which in turn feeds a braking resistor. Since induced voltage is reduced proportional to falling speed, the braking resistance is set proportional to speed to achieve constant current and torque.

Default machine parameters are used

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).

Parameters

Name	Description
R	Nominal braking resistance [Ohm]
wNominal	Nominal speed [rad/s]
JLoad	Load's moment of inertia [kg.m2]
smpmData	Synchronous machine data

Modelica.Magnetic.FundamentalWave.Examples.BasicMachines.SynchronousMachines.SMEE_DOL

ElectricalExcitedSynchronousMachine starting direct on line

Information

An electrically excited synchronous generator is started direct on line utilizing the damper cage (and the shorted excitation winding) at 0 seconds.

At t = 0.5 seconds, the excitation voltage is raised to achieve the no-load excitation current. Note, that reactive power of the stator goes to zero.

At t = 2 second, a driving torque step is applied to the shaft (i.e. the turbine is activated). Note, that the active (and the reactive) power of the stator change. To drive at higher torque, i.e., produce more electric power, excitation has to be adapted.

Simulate for 3 seconds and plot:

smee.tauElectrical: electric torque
smee.wMechanical: mechanical speed
currentRMSSensor.I: quasi RMS stator current
irRMS: quasi RMS rotor current
smee.ie: excitation current
rotorDisplacementAngle.rotorDisplacementAngle: rotor displacement angle
electricalSensor.powerTotal: total electric real power
mechanicalSensor.power: mechanical power

Default machine parameters are used.

Note

The mains switch is closed at time = 0 in order to avoid non physical noise calculated by the rotorDisplacementAngle. This noise is caused by the interaction of the high resistance of the switch and the machine, see #2388.

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).

Parameters

Name	Description
m	Number of phases
VNominal	Nominal RMS voltage per phase [V]
fNominal	Nominal frequency [Hz]
Ve	Excitation current [V]
gamma0	Initial rotor displacement angle [rad]
smeeData	Synchronous machine data

Connectors

Name	Description
irRMS	Damper cage RMS current [A]

Modelica.Magnetic.FundamentalWave.Examples.BasicMachines.SynchronousMachines.SMEE_Generator

Electrical excited synchronous machine operating as generator

Information

Electrical excited synchronous machine as generator

An electrically excited synchronous generator is connected to the grid and driven with constant speed. Since speed is slightly smaller than synchronous speed corresponding to mains frequency, rotor angle is very slowly increased. This allows to see several characteristics dependent on rotor angle.

Simulate for 30 seconds and plot (versus rotorAngleM.rotorDisplacementAngle):

speedM|E.tauElectrical: machine torque
mechanicalPowerSensorM|E.P: mechanical power

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).

Parameters

Name	Description
VsNominal	Nominal RMS voltage per phase [V]
fsNominal	Nominal frequency [Hz]
w	Nominal speed [rad/s]
Ie	Excitation current [A]
Ie0	Initial excitation current [A]
gamma0	Initial rotor displacement angle [rad]
p	Number of pole pairs
Rs	Warm stator resistance per phase [Ohm]
Lssigma	Stator stray inductance per phase [H]
Lmd	Main field inductance in d-axis [H]
Lmq	Main field inductance in q-axis [H]
Lrsigmad	Damper stray inductance (equivalent three-phase winding) d-axis [H]
Lrsigmaq	Damper stray inductance (equivalent three-phase winding) q-axis [H]
Rrd	Warm damper resistance (equivalent three-phase winding) d-axis [Ohm]
Rrq	Warm damper resistance (equivalent three-phase winding) q-axis [Ohm]
smeeData	Synchronous machine data

Modelica.Magnetic.FundamentalWave.Examples.BasicMachines.SynchronousMachines.SMEE_LoadDump

Test example: ElectricalExcitedSynchronousMachine with voltage controller

Information

An electrically excited synchronous generator is started with a speed ramp, then driven with constant speed. Voltage is controlled, the set point depends on speed. After start-up the generator is loaded, the load is rejected.

Simulate for 10 seconds and plot:

voltageQuasiRMSSensor.V
smee.tauElectrical
smee.ie

Default machine parameters are used

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).

Parameters

Name	Description
wNominal	Nominal speed [rad/s]
ZNominal	Nominal load impedance [Ohm]
powerFactor	Load power factor
RLoad	Load resistance [Ohm]
LLoad	Load inductance [H]
Ve0	No load excitation voltage [V]
k	Voltage controller: gain
Ti	Voltage controller: integral time constant [s]
smeeData	Synchronous machine data

Modelica.Magnetic.FundamentalWave.Examples.BasicMachines.SynchronousMachines.SMEE_Rectifier

Test example: ElectricalExcitedSynchronousMachine with rectifier

Information

An electrically excited synchronous generator is driven with constant speed. Voltage is controlled, the set point depends on speed. The generator is loaded with a rectifier.

Default machine parameters are used

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).

Parameters

Name	Description
wNominal	Nominal speed [rad/s]
VDC0	No-load DC voltage [V]
RLoad	Load resistance [Ohm]
Ve0	No load excitation voltage [V]
k	Voltage controller: gain
Ti	Voltage controller: integral time constant [s]
smeeData	Synchronous machine data

Modelica.Magnetic.FundamentalWave.Examples.BasicMachines.SynchronousMachines.SMR_Inverter

Starting of synchronous reluctance machine with inverter

Information

Synchronous machine with reluctance rotor fed by an ideal inverter

An ideal frequency inverter is modeled by using a VfController and a three-phase SignalVoltage. Frequency is raised by a ramp, causing the reluctance machine to start, and accelerating inertias. At time tStep a load step is applied.

Simulate for 1.5 seconds and plot (versus time):

currentRMSsensorM|E.I: equivalent RMS stator current
smrM|E.wMechanical: machine speed
smrM|E.tauElectrical: machine torque
rotorAngleM|R.rotorDisplacementAngle: rotor displacement angle

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).

Parameters

Name	Description
VsNominal	Nominal RMS voltage per phase [V]
fsNominal	Nominal frequency [Hz]
fKnee	Knee frequency of V/f curve [Hz]
tRamp	Frequency ramp [s]
T_Load	Nominal load torque [N.m]
tStep	Time of load torque step [s]
J_Load	Load inertia [kg.m2]
smrData	Synchronous machine data

Automatically generated Thu Oct 1 16:07:50 2020.