Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Utilities

Library with auxiliary models for testing

Information

This package contains utility components for testing examples.

Extends from Modelica.Icons.UtilitiesPackage (Icon for utility packages).

Package Content

Name	Description
ParameterRecords	Parameter records
VfController	Voltage-Frequency-Controller
ToDQ	Transform instantaneous stator inputs to rotor fixed space phasor
FromDQ	Transform rotor fixed space phasor to instantaneous stator quantities
DQToThreePhase	Transforms dq to three-phase
DQCurrentController	Current controller in dq coordinate system
SinCosEvaluation	Evaluation of the signals of a sin-cos-resolver
SwitchYD	Y-D-switch
SwitchYDwithArc	Y-D-switch with arc
TerminalBox	Terminal box Y/D-connection
MultiTerminalBox	Terminal box Y/D-connection
SwitchedRheostat	Rheostat which is shortened after a given time
RampedRheostat	Rheostat with linearly decreasing resistance
DcBrakeSettings	Setting for DC current braking
SynchronousMachineData	Computes machine parameter from usual datasheet
TransformerData	Calculates Impedances from nominal values

Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Utilities.VfController

Voltage-Frequency-Controller

Information

Simple Voltage-Frequency-Controller.
Amplitude of voltage is linear dependent (VNominal/fNominal) on frequency (input signal "u"), but limited by VNominal (nominal RMS voltage per phase).
m sine-waves with amplitudes as described above are provided as output signal "y".
By setting parameter EconomyMode=true, Voltage rises quadratically with frequency which means flux,torque and loss reduction for fan and pump drives.
The sine-waves are intended to feed a m-phase SignalVoltage.
Phase shifts between sine-waves may be chosen by the user; default values are (k-1)/m*pi for k in 1:m.

Extends from Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.SIMO (Single Input Multiple Output continuous control block).

Parameters

Name	Description
nout	Number of outputs
m	Number of phases
orientation[m]	Orientation of phases [rad]
VNominal	Nominal RMS voltage per phase [V]
fNominal	Nominal frequency [Hz]
BasePhase	Common phase shift [rad]
EconomyMode	Economy mode: voltage quadratic dependent on frequency

Connectors

Name	Description
y[nout]	Connector of Real output signals

Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Utilities.ToDQ

Transform instantaneous stator inputs to rotor fixed space phasor

Information

The polyphase input values u[m] are transformed to the corresponding space phasor which is rotated to the rotor fixed reference system, using the provided mechanical rotor angle phi. The output are the resulting d and q components of the space phasor arranged in one vector y[2].

Parameters

Name	Description
nin	Number of inputs
nout	Number of outputs
m	Number of phases
p	Number of pole pairs

Connectors

Name	Description
u[nin]	Connector of Real input signals
y[nout]	Connector of Real output signals
phi	[rad]

Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Utilities.FromDQ

Transform rotor fixed space phasor to instantaneous stator quantities

Information

The d and q components of a space phasor u[2] are rotated back to the stator fixed reference system, using the provided mechanical rotor angle phi. The output are the instantaneous polyphase values y[m].

Parameters

Name	Description
nin	Number of inputs
nout	Number of outputs
m	Number of phases
p	Number of pole pairs

Connectors

Name	Description
u[nin]	Connector of Real input signals
y[nout]	Connector of Real output signals
phi	[rad]

Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Utilities.DQToThreePhase

Transforms dq to three-phase

Information

Transforms dq currents or voltages to three-phase currents or voltages.

The desired d- and q-components of the space phasor in rotor fixed coordinate system are given by inputs d and q. Using the given rotor position (input phi), the correct three-phase values (output y[3]) are calculated. They can be used to feed a current source which in turn feeds an induction machine.

Inputs d and q can be given either as peak values (useRMS=false) or as RMS (useRMS=true). The correction by factor √2 is done automatically.

Extends from Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.MO (Multiple Output continuous control block).

Parameters

Name	Description
m	Number of phases
p	Number of pole pairs
useRMS	If true, inputs dq are multiplied by sqrt(2)
nout	Number of outputs

Connectors

Name	Description
y[nout]	Connector of Real output signals
d	d-component
q	q-component
phi	Rotor angle [rad]

Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Utilities.DQCurrentController

Current controller in dq coordinate system

Information

Simple Current controller

The desired d- and q-component of the space phasor current in rotor fixed coordinate system are given by inputs id and iq. Using the given rotor position (input phi), the actual three-phase currents are measured and transformed to the d-q coordinate system. Two PI-controllers determine the necessary d- and q- voltages, which are transformed back to three-phase (output y[3]). They can be used to feed a voltage source which in turn feeds a permanent magnet synchronous machine.

Inputs d and q can be given either as peak values (useRMS=false) or as RMS (useRMS=true). The correction by factor √2 is done automatically. The measured currents iActual[m] are assumed to be instantaneous values.

Note: No care is taken for current or voltage limiting, as well as for field weakening.

Extends from Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.MO (Multiple Output continuous control block).

Parameters

Name	Description
p	Number of pole pairs
useRMS	If true, inputs dq are multiplied by sqrt(2)
fsNominal	Nominal frequency [Hz]
VsOpenCircuit	Open circuit RMS voltage per phase @ fsNominal [V]
Rs	Stator resistance per phase [Ohm]
Ld	Inductance in d-axis [H]
Lq	Inductance in q-axis [H]
decoupling	Use decoupling network
nout	Number of outputs

Connectors

Name	Description
y[nout]	Connector of Real output signals
id	Reference of d-current
iq	Reference of q-current
phi	Rotor angle [rad]
iActual[m]	Measured three-phase currents [A]

Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Utilities.SinCosEvaluation

Evaluation of the signals of a sin-cos-resolver

Information

The sin-cos-resolver provides four tracks:

cosine
minus sine
sine
minus cosine

All four tracks have the same amplitude and the same offset > amplitude. Offset is used to detect loss of a track. To remove offset, (minus sine) is subtracted from (sine) and (minus cosine) from (cosine), resulting in a cosine and a sine signal with doubled amplitude but without offset.

Interpreting cosine and sine as real and imaginary part of a phasor, one could calculate the angle of the phasor (i.e., transform rectangular coordinates to polar coordinates). This is not very robust if the signals are superimposed with some noise. Therefore the phasor is rotated by an angle that is obtained by a controller. The controller aims at imaginary part equal to zero. The resulting angle is continuous, i.e. differentiating the angle results in 2*π*frequency. If desired, the angle can be wrapped to the interval ]-π, +π].

If the sin-cos-resolver provides one period of the tracks during a rotation of 2π/p, the result is the angle with respect to one pole pair and can be directly used for field oriented control.

Extends from Modelica.Blocks.Icons.Block (Basic graphical layout of input/output block).

Connectors

Name	Description
u[4]	Signal from sin-cos-resolver
phi	Angle [rad]
w	Angular velocity [rad/s]

Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Utilities.SwitchYD

Y-D-switch

Information

Simple Star-Delta-switch.
If control is false, plug_sp and plug_sn are star connected and plug_sp connected to the supply plug.
If control is true, plug_sp and plug_sn are delta connected and they are connected to the supply plug.
Note there is a delay between opening star connection and closing delta connection, respectively opening delta connection and closing star connection.

Parameters

Name	Description
m	Number of phases
Ron	Closed switch resistance [Ohm]
Goff	Opened switch conductance [S]
delayTime	Time delay [s]

Connectors

Name	Description
plugSupply	To grid
plug_sp	To positive stator plug
plug_sn	To negative stator plug
control[m]

Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Utilities.SwitchYDwithArc

Y-D-switch with arc

Information

Star-Delta-switch with arc when switch opens.
If control is false, plug_sp and plug_sn are star connected and plug_sp connected to the supply plug.
If control is true, plug_sp and plug_sn are delta connected and they are connected to the supply plug.
Note there is a delay between opening star connection and closing delta connection, respectively opening delta connection and closing star connection.

Parameters

Name	Description
m	Number of phases
Ron	Closed switch resistance [Ohm]
Goff	Opened switch conductance [S]
delayTime	Time delay [s]
V0	Initial arc voltage [V]
dVdt	Arc voltage slope [V/s]
Vmax	Max. arc voltage [V]

Connectors

Name	Description
plugSupply	To grid
plug_sp	To positive stator plug
plug_sn	To negative stator plug
control[m]

Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Utilities.TerminalBox

Terminal box Y/D-connection

Information

This model represents the internal connections of the terminal box of an electric machine. The parameter terminalConnection is used to switch between star (terminalConnection = "Y") and delta (terminalConnection = "D") connection. The (single-phase) connector starPoint is only available if star connection is selected.

Parameters

Name	Description
m	Number of phases
terminalConnection	Choose "Y" for star or "D" for delta connection

Connectors

Name	Description
plug_sp	To be connected with positive stator plug
plug_sn	To be connected with negative stator plug
plugSupply	To be connected with grid
starpoint	Star point

Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Utilities.MultiTerminalBox

Terminal box Y/D-connection

Information

This model represents the internal connections of the terminal box of an electric machine. The parameter terminalConnection is used to switch between star (terminalConnection = "Y") and delta (terminalConnection = "D") connection. The star point is a plug with mSystem = Electrical.Polyphase.Functions.numberOfSymmetricBaseSystems(m) phases, representing the star points of each base system; see Modelica.Magnetic.FundamentalWave.UsersGuide.Polyphase.

Parameters

Name	Description
m	Number of phases
terminalConnection	Choose "Y" for star or "D" for delta connection

Connectors

Name	Description
plug_sp	To be connected with positive stator plug
plug_sn	To be connected with negative stator plug
plugSupply	To be connected with grid
starpoint	Star point

Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Utilities.SwitchedRheostat

Rheostat which is shortened after a given time

Information

Switched rheostat, used for starting induction motors with slipring rotor:

The external rotor resistance RStart is shortened at time tStart.

Parameters

Name	Description
m	Number of phases
RStart	Starting resistance [Ohm]
tStart	Duration of switching on the starting resistor [s]

Connectors

Name	Description
plug_p	To positive rotor plug
plug_n	To negative rotor plug

Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Utilities.RampedRheostat

Rheostat with linearly decreasing resistance

Information

Ramped rheostat, used for starting induction motors with slipring rotor:

The external rotor resistance RStart is reduced to zero, starting at time tStart with a linear ramp tRamp.

Parameters

Name	Description
m	Number of phases
RStart	Starting resistance [Ohm]
tStart	Time instance of reducing the rheostat [s]
tRamp	Duration of ramp [s]

Connectors

Name	Description
plug_p	To positive rotor plug
plug_n	To negative rotor plug

Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Utilities.DcBrakeSettings

Setting for DC current braking

Information

Lets the user choose the layout, and determines the necessary DC current for DC current braking of an induction machine.

The icon shows the four layout variants. Phases with half the current are depicted with half the line thickness, phases with zero current are depicted with dashed line.

Parameters

Name	Description
INominal	Nominal RMS current per phase [A]
layout	Braking connection layout
Results
terminalConnection	Terminal connection
connect3	Connect 3rd terminal
Idc	DC braking current [A]
is[3]	Phase currents [A]

Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Utilities.SynchronousMachineData

Computes machine parameter from usual datasheet

Information

The parameters of the synchronous machine model with electrical excitation (and damper) are calculated from parameters normally given in a technical description, according to the standard EN 60034-4:2008 Appendix C.

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Record (Icon for records).

Parameters

Name	Description
SNominal	Nominal apparent power [V.A]
VsNominal	Nominal stator voltage per phase [V]
fsNominal	Nominal stator frequency [Hz]
IeOpenCircuit	Open circuit excitation current @ nominal voltage and frequency [A]
effectiveStatorTurns	Effective number of stator turns
x0	Stator stray inductance per phase (approximately zero impedance) [pu]
xd	Synchronous reactance per phase, d-axis [pu]
xq	Synchronous reactance per phase, q-axis [pu]
xdTransient	Transient reactance per phase, d-axis [pu]
xdSubtransient	Subtransient reactance per phase, d-axis [pu]
xqSubtransient	Subtransient reactance per phase, q-axis [pu]
Ta	Armature time constant [s]
Td0Transient	Open circuit field time constant Td0' [s]
Td0Subtransient	Open circuit subtransient time constant Td0'', d-axis [s]
Tq0Subtransient	Open circuit subtransient time constant Tq0'', q-axis [s]
Material
TsSpecification	Specification temperature of stator resistance [K]
TsRef	Reference temperature of stator resistance [K]
alpha20s	Temperature coefficient of stator resistance at 20 degC [1/K]
TrSpecification	Specification temperature of (optional) damper cage [K]
TrRef	Reference temperature of damper resistances in d- and q-axis [K]
alpha20r	Temperature coefficient of damper resistances in d- and q-axis [1/K]
TeSpecification	Specification excitation temperature [K]
TeRef	Reference temperature of excitation resistance [K]
alpha20e	Temperature coefficient of excitation resistance [1/K]
Result
Rs	Stator resistance per phase at TRef [Ohm]
Lssigma	Stator stray inductance per phase [H]
Lmd	Main field inductance per phase in d-axis [H]
Lmq	Main field inductance per phase in q-axis [H]
Lrsigmad	Damper stray inductance in d-axis [H]
Lrsigmaq	Damper stray inductance in q-axis [H]
Rrd	Damper resistance in d-axis at TRef [Ohm]
Rrq	Damper resistance in q-axis at TRef [Ohm]
Re	Excitation resistance at TRef [Ohm]
sigmae	Stray fraction of total excitation inductance

Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Utilities.TransformerData

Calculates Impedances from nominal values

Information

The parameters of the transformer models are calculated from parameters normally given in a technical description.

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Record (Icon for records).

Parameters

Name	Description
f	Nominal frequency [Hz]
V1	Primary nominal line-to-line voltage (RMS) [V]
C1	Choose primary connection
V2	Secondary open circuit line-to-line voltage (RMS) @ primary nominal voltage [V]
C2	Choose secondary connection
SNominal	Nominal apparent power [V.A]
v_sc	Impedance voltage drop pu
P_sc	Short-circuit (copper) losses [W]
Result
n	Ratio primary voltage (line-to-line) / secondary voltage (line-to-line)
R1	Warm primary resistance per phase [Ohm]
L1sigma	Primary stray inductance per phase [H]
R2	Warm secondary resistance per phase [Ohm]
L2sigma	Secondary stray inductance per phase [H]

Automatically generated Thu Oct 1 16:07:42 2020.

Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Utilities

Information

Package Content

Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Utilities.VfController

Information

Parameters

Connectors

Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Utilities.ToDQ

Information

See also

Parameters

Connectors

Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Utilities.FromDQ

Information

See also

Parameters

Connectors

Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Utilities.DQToThreePhase

Information

Parameters

Connectors

Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Utilities.DQCurrentController

Information

Parameters

Connectors

Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Utilities.SinCosEvaluation

Information

Connectors

Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Utilities.SwitchYD

Information

Parameters

Connectors

Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Utilities.SwitchYDwithArc

Information

Parameters

Connectors

Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Utilities.TerminalBox

Information

Parameters

Connectors

Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Utilities.MultiTerminalBox

Information

Parameters

Connectors

Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Utilities.SwitchedRheostat

Information

Parameters

Connectors

Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Utilities.RampedRheostat

Information

Parameters

Connectors

Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Utilities.DcBrakeSettings

Information

Parameters

Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Utilities.SynchronousMachineData

Information

Parameters

Modelica.Electrical.Machines.Utilities.TransformerData

Information

Parameters