Modelica.Electrical.PowerConverters.UsersGuide

This library provides power converters for DC and AC single-phase and polyphase electrical systems. The PowerConverters library contains three types of converters.

• AC/DC converters (rectifiers)
• DC/AC converters (inverters)
• DC/DC converters
• AC/AC converters

AC/AC converters currently only provide dimmer and soft starter with triacs.

Converter characteristics

• All converter models rely on existing diode, thyristor and switch models provided in the Analog.Ideal and the Polyphase.Ideal package of the Modelica Standard Library.
• Switching losses and recovery effects are not considered
• Only conduction losses are taken into account
• The parameters of the semiconductors include
  • The on state resistance Ron
  • The off state conductance Goff
  • The knee voltage Vknee
• Each converter is equipped with an optional heat port which can be enabled by the parameter useHeatPort; the heat ports of all semiconductors are connected, so all temperatures of all semiconductors are equal and the heat flow of the converter heat port is determined by the sum of all semiconductor heat flows
• Each converter contains boolean firing inputs provides variables offStart... to specify the initial conditions of the off state of each semiconductor
• The boolean firing signals are enabled either by means of the a parameter constantEnable or by a conditional signal input, enabled by useConstantEnable = false
• The number of phases of polyphase converters is not restricted to three

Literature

General background knowledge on power converters and power electronics can be found in [Skvarenina01] and [Luo05]. A freely available book is available in [Williams2006].

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Package Content

Name	Description
ACDCConcept	AC/DC converter concept
DCACConcept	DC/AC converter concept
DCDCConcept	DC/DC converter concept
ACACConcept	AC/AC converter concept
Contact	Contact
ReleaseNotes	Release Notes
References	References

Modelica.Electrical.PowerConverters.UsersGuide.ACDCConcept

AC/DC converters are also called rectifiers

Component classification

Conventional AC/DC converters contain diodes and thyristors. If thyristors are used, the output voltage of the rectifier can be controlled. If only diodes are used, the output voltages is solely dependent on the input voltage and the characteristic of applied diodes.

• Diode rectifiers
• Thyristor rectifiers
• Half controlled rectifiers; half of the semiconductors are diodes and the others are thyristors, respectively

Topology classification

The PowerConverters library provides bridge and center tap rectifiers for single and polyphase supply, see AC/DC converters.

Control

For each of the provided rectifiers a control model is available. These control models have electrical connectors to be connected with the AC supply. The firing angle of thyristor rectifiers can either be set by a parameter or a signal input.

Examples

A variety of examples is provided at Examples.ACDC. These examples include different kinds of DC loads. Even the control characteristics of the rectifiers can be obtained experimentally; the names of these models contain _Characteristic.

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Modelica.Electrical.PowerConverters.UsersGuide.DCACConcept

There are a single-phase and polyphase DC/AC converter model provided by the PowerConverters library.

Control

Currently there are space vector PWM and intersective PWM models provided. However, for operating the single-phase inverter the PWM controller can be used.

Examples

Some examples are provided at Examples.DCAC.

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Modelica.Electrical.PowerConverters.UsersGuide.DCDCConcept

The following DC/DC converter topologies are currently included in the PowerConverters library.

• Chopper step down and step up converter
• H bridge converter; four quadrant operation

Control

A pulse width modulation (PWM) controller is provided.

Examples

Some examples are provided at Examples.DCDC.

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Modelica.Electrical.PowerConverters.UsersGuide.ACACConcept

The following AC/AC converter topologies are currently included in the PowerConverters library.

• Single-phase dimmer with triac
• Polyphase induction machine soft starter with triac

Control

To apply firing signals to the triac, the SignalPWM model is provided.

The Voltage2Angle block calculates phase angle from reference voltage.

To control the soft start of an induction machine, the SoftStartControl block is provided. It applies a voltage ramp during start, setting the ramp on hold whenever the measured current exceeds the maximum current. Furthermore, a ramp down can be applied for stopping the drive.

Examples

Some examples are provided at Examples.ACAC.

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Modelica.Electrical.PowerConverters.UsersGuide.Contact

Main authors

Dr. Christian Kral
Electric Machines, Drives and Systems
A-1060 Vienna, Austria
email: dr.christian.kral@gmail.com

Anton Haumer
Technical Consulting & Electrical Engineering
D-93049 Regensburg, Germany
email: a.haumer@haumer.at

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Modelica.Electrical.PowerConverters.UsersGuide.ReleaseNotes

Version 3.2.3, 2019-01-23

• Added instantaneous power calculations of DC and AC interface partial models, see #2198
• Replaced Modelica_Electrical_PowerConverters by Modelica.Electrical.PowerConverter, see #2196
• Unified location of PowerConverter connectors in diagram layer, see #2185
• Fixed broken hyper links
• Replaced pin declaration by extends according to #2065

Version 1.2.0, 2014-04-06

• Moved enabling signals from control to inverter models due to consistency reasons
• Added partial models for enabling firing signals

Version 1.1.0, 2014-03-24

• Removed StepUp converter due to consistency reasons

Version 1.0.0, 2014-03-24

• First tagged version

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Modelica.Electrical.PowerConverters.UsersGuide.References

References

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